Dynamic instability and catastrophe mechanisms of surrounding rock with rigid-flexible coupling supporting structure under bidirectional impact loading

Abstract

Aiming at the problem of dynamic instability of hard-brittle jointed rock surrounding in deep tunnel/roadway engineering, combining with the support concepts of “coupling rigidity with flexibility” and “overcoming rigidity by flexibility”, the prevention and control method with “rigid-flexible coupling (R-F-C)” was put forward. Through numerical simulation calculation, the impact damage process, acoustic emission (AE) evolution characteristics, and element stress/displacement evolution characteristics of unsupported surrounding rock structure model, rigid supporting surrounding rock structure model, and “R-F-C” supporting surrounding rock structure model under horizontal bidirectional impact loading were compared and analyzed. Based on the theory of stress wave propagation, the dynamic instability catastrophe mechanism of three kinds of supporting structure models induced by horizontal bidirectional impact loading was revealed. Based on the Mohr-Coulomb strength theory, the stress discrimination methods of dynamic catastrophe of surrounding rock induced by horizontal bidirectional impact loading under three kinds of supporting structures were proposed. Combined with the above numerical simulation study, the explosion impact physical and mechanical test of “R-F-C” surrounding rock supporting plate structure was further designed and carried out. Finally, combined with the “conceptual model of ball-cliff potential energy instability”, the energy driving theory and energy transformation mechanism of impact-induced rockburst under three kinds of supporting structures were discussed deeply. The research results provided a scientific basis for further promoting the effective application of “R-F-C” supporting structure in the prevention and control of dynamic instability of deep tunnel/roadway surrounding rock.

Keywords

jointed surrounding rock / rigid-flexible coupling (R-F-C) supporting structure / stress wave propagation / acoustic emission (AE) / damage evolution / impact instability catastrophe mechanism

References

[1] Farhadian H. A new empirical chart for rockburst analysis in tunnelling: Tunnel rockburst classification (TRC) [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2021, 31(4): 603-610.

[2] Ibrahim B, Ahenkorah I. Classifying rockburst with confidence: A novel conformal prediction approach [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology. 2024, 34(1): 51-64.

[3] Zhang Q, Zhang X-p, Liu Q-set al. . Rockburst prediction and prevention in a deep-buried tunnel excavated by drilling and blasting: A case study [J]. Engineering Geology. 2024, 330: 107404.

[4] Cai M. Rockburst risk control and mitigation in deep mining [J]. Deep Resources Engineering. 2024, 1(2): 100019.

[5] Sun J, Liu D-q, He P-fet al. . Experimental investigation on acoustic emission precursor of rockburst based on unsupervised machine learning method [J]. Rock Mechanics Bulletin. 2024, 32100099.

[6] Du K, Luo X-y, Yang S-get al. . An insight from energy index characterization to determine the proneness of rockburst for hard rock [J]. Geomechanics for Energy and the Environment. 2023, 35100478.

[7] Gong F-q, Dai J-h, Xu L. A strength-stress coupling criterion for rockburst: Inspirations from 1114 rockburst cases in 197 underground rock projects [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2023, 142105396.

[8] Dai J-h, Gong F-q, Qi S-wet al. . Quantitative evaluation of rockburst proneness for surrounding rocks considering combined effects of the structural plane and excavation disturbance [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2023, 140105335.

[9] Hu J, He M-c, Li H-ret al. . Rockburst hazard control using the excavation compensation method (ECM): A case study in the Qinling water conveyance tunnel [J]. Engineering. 2024, 34154-163.

[10] Dai J-h, Gong F-q, Xu L. Rockburst criterion and evaluation method for potential rockburst pit depth considering excavation damage effect [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2024, 1651649-1666.

[11] Qiu X-g, Duan H, Xie Xet al. . Development and prospect of simulation research in China [J]. Journal of System Simulation. 2021, 33(5): 1008-1018

[12] Huang X, Xu D-p, Chen D-fet al. . Damage assessment of High-Stress brittle surrounding rock masses in a deep large-span high-sidewall underground cavern: In situ measurement and numerical simulation [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2024, 161: 108273.

[13] Zhu J-b, Bi S, Sun J-xet al. . Spallation characteristics of surrounding rock with structural planes with different stress wave transmittance under dynamic load [J]. Journal of Mining And Strata Control Engineering. 2024, 6(1): 91-102

[14] Li G, Wang K, Tang C-aet al. . Non-break modeling and numerical simulation for non-intact rock failure process [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2024, 176: 105725.

[15] Chen X, Tang M-g, Zeng Pet al. . Modeling progressive damage and failure of rock under continuous cyclic loading considering strength degradation of mesoscopic finite elements [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2022, 8112335.

[16] Ma K, Peng Y-l, Liao Z-yet al. . Dynamic responses and failure characteristics of the tunnel caused by rockburst: An entire process modelling from incubation to occurrence phases [J]. Computers and Geotechnics. 2024, 171106340.

[17] Chen M, Lu W B, Yan Pet al. . Blasting excavation induced damage of surrounding rock masses in deep-buried tunnels [J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering. 2016, 202933-942.

[18] Yang S-q, Tao Y, Xu Pet al. . Large-scale model experiment and numerical simulation on convergence deformation of tunnel excavating in composite strata [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2019, 94: 103133.

[19] Gong F-q, Luo Y, Si X-fet al. . Experimental modelling on rockburst in deep hard rock circular tunnels [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2017, 3671634-1648(in Chinese)

[20] Pan Y-s, Wang A-wen. Disturbance response instability theory of rock bursts in coal mines and its application [J]. Geohazard Mechanics. 2023, 111-17.

[21] Li Y-z, Yuan L, Zhang Q-he. Brittle rock mass failure in deep tunnels: The role of infilled structural plane with varying dip angles [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2024, 176: 105721.

[22] Lyu G-p, Zhou C-b, Jiang N. Experimental and numerical study on tunnel blasting induced damage characteristics of grouted surrounding rock in fault zones [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering. 2023, 56(1): 603-617.

[23] Cui Y-z, Wu B, Meng G-wet al. . Research on blasting cumulative dynamic damage of surrounding rock in step construction tunnel [J]. Scientific Reports. 2023, 13: 1974.

[24] Zuo Y-j, Tang C-a, Zhu W-cet al. . Numerical analysis of tunnel reinforcing influences on failure process of surrounding rock under explosive stress waves [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology. 2008, 155632-638.

[25] Qiu J-d, Xie H-p, Zhu J-bet al. . Dynamic response and rockburst characteristics of underground cavern with unexposed joint [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2023, 169: 105442.

[26] Qian Y, Zhao C, Wei Ret al. . Self-initiated static-dynamic state transition behavior and triggering mechanism of strain rockburst using three-dimensional discrete element method [J]. Underground Space. 2024, 16143-163.

[27] Zhao Y, Bi J, Zhou X-ping. Quantitative analysis of rockburst in the surrounding rock masses around deep tunnels [J]. Engineering Geology. 2020, 273: 105669.

[28] Jia P, Tang C A. Numerical study on failure mechanism of tunnel in jointed rock mass [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2008, 235500-507.

[29] Zhang K, Liu X-h, Liu W-let al. . Influence of weak inclusions on the fracturing and fractal behavior of a jointed rock mass containing an opening: Experimental and numerical studies [J]. Computers and Geotechnics. 2021, 132: 104011.

[30] Öge İ F. Revisiting the assessment of squeezing condition and energy absorption of flexible supports: A mine development case [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2021, 108103712.

[31] Tang C-a, Tang S-bin. Applications of rock failure process analysis (RFPA) method [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2011, 34352-372.

[32] Xia Y-j, Meng Q-k, Tang C-aet al. . Applications of realistic failure process analysis in tunnel engineering disaster simulation [J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2021, 3336-49(in Chinese)

[33] Gong B, Zhao T, Thusyanthan Iet al. . Modelling rock fracturing by a novel implicit continuous to discontinuous method [J]. Computers and Geotechnics. 2024, 166: 106035.

[34] Li G, Cheng X F, Pu Het al. . Damage smear method for rock failure process analysis [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2019, 11(6): 1151-1165.

[35] Yang R-zhou. Study on stability mechanism of surrounding rock with rigid-flexible coupling support under impact loading [D]. 2022, Huainan, Anhui University of Science and Technology(in Chinese)

[36] Cheng T, He M-c, Li H-ret al. . Experimental investigation on the influence of a single structural plane on rockburst [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2023, 132: 104914.

[37] Huang D, Li Y-qi. Experimental investigation and failure characteristics of slit-cut method in rockburst prevention [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2023, 150107344.

[38] Zhu W C, Li Z H, Zhu Let al. . Numerical simulation on rockburst of underground opening triggered by dynamic disturbance [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2010, 255587-599.

[39] Li T-j, Tang C-a, Rutqvist Jet al. . TOUGHRFPA: Coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical rock failure process analysis with application to deep geothermal wells [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2021, 142: 104726.

[40] Xu Y, Yao W, Xia K-wen. Numerical study on tensile failures of heterogeneous rocks [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2020, 12150-58.

[41] Tang C A, Liu H, Lee P K Ket al. . Numerical studies of the influence of microstructure on rock failure in uniaxial compression: Part I: Effect of heterogeneity [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2000, 374555-569.

[42] Bao S-h, Zhang Y-f, Liu Het al. . Flexural behavior of the UHPCC containing glass powder as partial substitute of cement/silica fume [J]. Construction and Building Materials. 2023, 365: 130142.

[43] Lang Y-x, Liang Z-z, Dong Z. Three-dimensional finite element simulation and reconstruction of jointed rock models using CT scanning and photogrammetry [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2024, 16(4): 1348-1361.

[44] Gong B, Tang C-a, Wang S-yet al. . Simulation of the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of jointed rock masses based on the improved discontinuous deformation and displacement method [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2019, 122: 104076.

[45] Tang C-n, Tang S-b, Gong Bet al. . Discontinuous deformation and displacement analysis: From continuous to discontinuous [J]. Science China Technological Sciences. 2015, 5891567-1574.

[46] Zhu W C, Liu J, Tang C Aet al. . Simulation of progressive fracturing processes around underground excavations under biaxial compression [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2005, 203231-247.

[47] Mazars J, Pijaudier-Cabot G. Continuum damage theory: Application to concrete [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 1989, 115(2): 345-365.

[48] Xu T, Ranjith P G, Wasantha P L Pet al. . Influence of the geometry of partially-spanning joints on mechanical properties of rock in uniaxial compression [J]. Engineering Geology. 2013, 167: 134-147.

[49] Fu B, Hu L-h, Tang C-an. Experimental and numerical investigations on crack development and mechanical behavior of marble under uniaxial cyclic loading compression [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2020, 130: 104289.

[50] Yang R-z, Xu Y, Liu J-xet al. . Comparative analysis of dynamic mechanics and failure characteristics of sandstone and quasi-sandstone material [J]. Materials Reports. 2023, 37(23): 70-80

[51] Jia H-s, Wang E-y, Song D-zet al. . Precursory changes in wave velocity for coal and rock samples under cyclic loading [J]. Results in Physics. 2019, 12: 432-434.

[52] Niu S-j, Jing H-w, Hu Ket al. . Numerical investigation on the sensitivity of jointed rock mass strength to various factors [J]. Mining Science and Technology (China). 2010, 204530-534.

[53] Yang T, Liu H Y, Tang C A. Scale effect in macroscopic permeability of jointed rock mass using a coupled stress-damage-flow method [J]. Engineering Geology. 2017, 228: 121-136.

[54] Zhang H Q, Zhao Z Y, Tang C Aet al. . Numerical study of shear behavior of intermittent rock joints with different geometrical parameters [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences. 2006, 43(5): 802-816.

[55] Al-Osta M A, Sharif A M, Ahmad Set al. . Effect of hybridization of straight and hooked steel fibers and curing methods on the key mechanical properties of UHPC [J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2021, 15: 3222-3239.

[56] Li Y-r, Zeng X-h, Shi Yet al. . A comparative study on mechanical properties and environmental impact of UHPC with belite cement and Portland cement [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2022, 380: 135003.

[57] Yang R-z, Xu Y. Experimental study on dynamic compression behavior characteristics and stress wave propagation law of rigid-flexible combinations under cyclic bi-directional impact loading [J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology. 2023, 25925-945.

[58] Mehta P K, Monteiro P J M. Concrete: Microstructure, properties, and materials [M]. 2016

[59] Zhang G-j, Zhang Y. Partition failure characteristics of rock material loading and unloading based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion [J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2019, 44(4): 1049-1058(in Chinese)

[60] Wu Y-z, Fu Y-k, He Jet al. . Principle and technology of “pressure relief-support-protection” collaborative prevention and control in deep rock burst roadway [J]. Journal of China Coal Society. 2021, 46(1): 132-144(in Chinese)

[61] Yang R-z, Xu Y, Liu J-xet al. . Dynamic damage characteristics of two-dimensional flat plate of rigidflexible coupling surrounding rock supporting structure under blast loading[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology). 2023, 54(6): 2513-2528(in Chinese)

[62] Yang R-z, Xu Y, Chen P-yuan. Experimental study on dynamic stability of rubber-cement composites by SHPB and high-speed slicing [J]. Archives of Civil Engineering. 2022, 68(1): 319-334.

[63] Zhang S-g, Liu W-b, Lv H-miao. Creep energy damage model of rock graded loading [J]. Results in Physics. 2019, 12: 1119-1125.

[64] Zhou J, Li X-b, Mitri H S. Evaluation method of rockburst: State-of-the-art literature review [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. 2018, 81: 632-659.

[65] Li C C. Principles and methods of rock support for rockburst control [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering. 2021, 13(1): 46-59.

[66] Li C C. Rockburst conditions and rockburst support [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering. 2019, 38(4): 674-682(in Chinese)

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University