Radiated noise correction model for the dominant scale correlation of aerodynamic sound generation in pantograph cavity coupling system

Abstract

The pantograph cavity coupling system (PCCS) of high-speed trains, as a representative region for aerodynamic noise generation, merits further investigation into its scale effects. In this paper, the large-eddy simulation (LES) and the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) integral equation are used to calculate and analyze the sound energy intensity distribution pattern and spectral characteristics of the PCCS at different scales (1/1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/25, 1/50). The research shows that as the scaled model decreases, the relative area of the pantograph submerged by the vehicle boundary layer increases, and its inflow velocity decreases, thereby reducing the overall radiated sound pressure level in this area. For the segments 1/1–1/2 and 1/4–1/16, the dominant scale of sound generation is typical pure tone noise, with distinct similar features in the spectral discrete scales. For the segments 1/25–1/50, the turbulent fluctuation characteristics of the vehicle boundary layer mask the peak features, and the spectrum is dominated by broadband characteristics. Combining the PCCS sound source energy scale correction model and the dimensionless spectrum correction function, a scale correction model for the sound power spectrum of the sound source is obtained, so that the noise results of the reduced-scale model can be corresponded to the full-scale model. This work advances the comprehension of high-speed train aerodynamic noise generation mechanisms and offers critical references for developing precision noise control technologies.

Keywords

pantograph cavity coupling / aerodynamic noise / scale effect / large eddy simulation / high-speed trains

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Central South University