Generation of axial chain rockbursts in deep tunnels with drilling and blasting methodology in locked-in stress zone

Abstract

Axial chain rockbursts (ACRs) repeatedly occur in deep tunnels during Drilling and Blasting Methodology (D&B) within locked-in stress zones, severely hindering construction progress. In extremely cases, ACRs can persist for 10 days and affect areas exceeding 20 m along tunnel axis. Through integrated geological investigations and microseismic (MS) monitoring to analyze the geological characteristics, MS activity patterns, and formation mechanisms of ACRs. In tectonically active regions, locked-in stress zones arise from interactions between multiple structural planes. Blasting dynamic disturbances during tunnel excavation in these zones trigger early slippage along structural planes and fractures in the surrounding rock, with MS events developing ahead of the working face. High-energy MS events dominate during the development and occurrence stages of ACRs, extending 20–30 m (3–4 tunnel diameters) ahead of the working face. Following the ACRs, low-energy MS events primarily occur behind the working face. Tensile fracturing is the predominant failure mode during ACRs. Shear and mixed fractures primarily occur within the ACRs zone during the intra-ACR phase. Monitoring MS event locations ahead of the working face provides a reliable approach for prewarning potential ACR-prone zones.

Keywords

axial chain rockbursts / locked-in stress / microseismic monitoring / failure mode / blasting disturbance

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Central South University