Identifying potential hazards of opencast mining area using acoustic velocity structure imaging method

Abstract

Identifying potential hazards is crucial for maintaining the structural stability of opencast mining area. To address the limitations of irregular structure and sparse microseismic events in opencast mining monitoring, this paper proposes an active-source imaging method for identifying potential hazards precisely based on velocity structure. This method innovatively divides the irregular structure into unstructured grids and introduces a damping and smoothing regularization operator into the inversion process, mitigating the ill-posedness caused by the sparse distribution of events and rays. Numerical and laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results demonstrate the competitive performance of the method in identifying hazard areas of varying sizes and numbers. The proposed method shows potential for meeting hazard identification requirements in the complex opencast mining structure. Furthermore, field experiments were conducted on an rare earth mine slope. It confirms that the proposed method provides a more concrete and intuitive scheme for stability monitoring for the microseismic monitoring system. This paper not only demonstrates the application of acoustic structure velocity imaging technology in detecting unstructured potential hazard regions but also provides valuable insights into the construction and maintenance of stable opencast mining area.

References

[1] IntrieriE, CarlàT, GigliG. Forecasting the time of failure of landslides at slope-scale: A literature review [J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2019, 193: 333-349

[2] VillavicencioG, EspinaceR, PalmaJ, et al.. Failures of sand tailings dams in a highly seismic country [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2014, 51(4): 449-464

[3] ZhouJ-f, ZhengZ-y, BaoT, et al.. Assessment of rigorous solutions for pseudo-dynamic slope stability: Finite-element limit-analysis modelling [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(7): 2374-2391

[4] LiX-b, DongL-j, ZhaoG-y, et al.. Stability analysis and comprehensive treatment methods of landslides under complex mining environment: A case study of Dahu landslide from Linbao Henan in China [J]. Safety Science, 2012, 50(4): 695-704

[5] Dos SantosT B, LanaM S, PereiraT M, et al.. Quantitative hazard assessment system (Has-Q) for open pit mine slopes [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2019, 29(3): 419-427

[6] LiuZ-x, TangZ-x, WangW-h, et al.. New algorithm of mine slope reliability based on limiting state hyper-plane and its engineering application [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2015, 22(1): 317-322

[7] DongL-j, WangJ, WangJ-c, et al.. Safe and intelligent mining: Some explorations and challenges in the era of big data [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(6): 1900-1914

[8] IsmailS, MansorS, RodsiA, et al.. Geotechnical modeling of fractures and cavities that are associated with geotechnical engineering problems in Kuala Lumpur limestone, Malaysia [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2011, 62(1): 61-68

[9] ZhouT-b, ZhangL-f, ChengJ, et al.. Assessing the rainfall infiltration on FOS via a new NSRM for a case study at high rock slope stability [J]. Scientific Reports, 2022, 12(1): 11917

[10] DoT N, WuJ-hong. Simulating a mining-triggered rock avalanche using DDA: A case study in Nattai North, Australia [J]. Engineering Geology, 2020, 264: 105386

[11] DongL-j, TaoQ, HuQ-chun. Influence of temperature on acoustic emission source location accuracy in underground structure [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2021, 31(8): 2468-2478

[12] DongL-j, ChenY-c, SunD-y, et al.. Implications for rock instability precursors and principal stress direction from rock acoustic experiments [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 31(5): 789-798

[13] DongL-j, PeiZ-w, XieX, et al.. Early identification of abnormal regions in rock-mass using traveltime tomography [J]. Engineering, 2023, 22: 191-200

[14] DongL-j, TongX-j, MaJu. Quantitative investigation of tomographic effects in abnormal regions of complex structures [J]. Engineering, 2021, 7(7): 1011-1022

[15] PeiH-f, ZhangF, ZhangS-qi. Development of a novel Hall element inclinometer for slope displacement monitoring [J]. Measurement, 2021, 181: 109636

[16] ZhaoB, XuW-y, LiangG-l, et al.. Security monitoring of a large-scale and complex accumulation slope: An application in the Xiluodu hydropower station [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2015, 74(2): 327-335

[17] FanY-b, YangS W, XuL-k, et al.. Real-time monitoring instrument designed for the deformation and sliding period of colluvial landslides [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2017, 76(3): 829-838

[18] AtzeniC, BarlaM, PieracciniM, et al.. Early warning monitoring of natural and engineered slopes with ground-based synthetic-aperture radar [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2015, 48(1): 235-246

[19] WilliamsC, RossB, ZebkerM, et al.. Assessment of the available historic RADARSAT-2 synthetic aperture radar data prior to the manefay slide at the Bingham canyon mine using modern InSAR techniques [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2021, 54(7): 3469-3489

[20] CarlàT, FarinaP, IntrieriE, et al.. Integration of ground-based radar and satellite InSAR data for the analysis of an unexpected slope failure in an open-pit mine [J]. Engineering Geology, 2018, 235: 39-52

[21] MontoyaT P, SmithG S. Land mine detection using a ground-penetrating radar based on resistively loaded Vee dipoles [J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1999, 47(12): 1795-1806

[22] XieP, WenH-j, XiaoP, et al.. Evaluation of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and geology survey for slope stability study in mantled Karst region [J]. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2018, 77(4): 122

[23] MelchiorreJ, RossoM M, CirrincioneG, et al.. Compact convolutional transformer Fourier analysis for GPR tunnels assessment [C]. 2023 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD), 2023, Rome, Italy, IEEE: 1-6

[24] SalvoniM, DightP M. Rock damage assessment in a large unstable slope from microseismic monitoring-MMG Century mine (Queensland, Australia) case study [J]. Engineering Geology, 2016, 210: 45-56

[25] XiaoY-x, FengX-t, HudsonJ A, et al.. ISRM suggested method for in situ microseismic monitoring of the fracturing process in rock masses [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016, 49(1): 343-369

[26] ZhangF, YangT-h, LiL-c, et al.. Cooperative monitoring and numerical investigation on the stability of the south slope of the Fushun west open-pit mine [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2019, 78(4): 2409-2429

[27] GuJ-x, WangZ-h, KuenJ, et al.. Recent advances in convolutional neural networks [J]. Pattern Recognition, 2018, 77: 354-377

[28] JierulaA, OhT M, WangS-h, et al.. Detection of damage locations and damage steps in pile foundations using acoustic emissions with deep learning technology [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2021, 15(2): 318-332

[29] MelchiorreJ, ManuelloB A, RossoM M, et al.. Acoustic emission and artificial intelligence procedure for crack source localization [J]. Sensors, 2023, 23(2): 693

[30] AkiK, LeeW H K. Determination of three-dimensional velocity anomalies under a seismic array using first P arrival times from local earthquakes: 1. A homogeneous initial model [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1976, 81(23): 4381-4399

[31] AkiK, ChristofferssonA, HusebyeE S. Determination of the three-dimensional seismic structure of the lithosphere [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1977, 82(2): 277-296

[32] HosseiniN, OraeeK, ShahriarK, et al.. Passive seismic velocity tomography on longwall mining panel based on simultaneous iterative reconstructive technique (SIRT) [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2012, 19(8): 2297-2306

[33] TongP, YangD-h, HuangX-yuan. Multiple-grid model parametrization for seismic tomography with application to the San Jacinto fault zone [J]. Geophysical Journal International, 2019, 218(1): 200-223

[34] TongP, YangD-h, LiD-z, et al.. Time-evolving seismic tomography: The method and its application to the 1989 loma prieta and 2014 south Napa earthquake area, California [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44(7): 3165-3175

[35] ZhaoD-p, YamamotoY, YanadaT. Global mantle heterogeneity and its influence on teleseismic regional tomography [J]. Gondwana Research, 2013, 23(2): 595-616

[36] DongL-j, YanX-h, WangJ, et al.. Case study of microseismic tomography and multi-parameter characteristics under mining disturbances [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(7): 2252-2265

[37] WangZ-w, LiX-b, ZhaoD-p, et al.. Time-lapse seismic tomography of an underground mining zone [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2018, 107: 136-149

[38] MaX, WestmanE, MalekF, et al.. Stress redistribution monitoring using passive seismic tomography at a deep nickel mine [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52(10): 3909-3919

[39] DongL-j, TongX-j, HuQ-c, et al.. Empty region identification method and experimental verification for the two-dimensional complex structure [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2021, 147: 104885

[40] DongL-j, TaoQ, HuQ-c, et al.. Acoustic emission source location method and experimental verification for structures containing unknown empty areas [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2022, 32(3): 487-497

[41] HuangG-n, LuoS-t, DengJ-z, et al.. Traveltime calculations for qP, qSV, and qSH waves in two-dimensional tilted transversely isotropic media [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research (Solid Earth), 2020, 125(8): e2019JB018868

[42] ZhaoH-kai. A fast sweeping method for eikonal equations [J]. Mathematics of Computation, 2005, 74(250): 603-627

[43] QianJ-l, ZhangY-t, ZhaoH-kai. Fast sweeping methods for eikonal equations on triangular meshes [J]. SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis, 2007, 45(1): 83-107

[44] GirouxB. Comparison of grid-based methods for raytracing on unstructured meshes [C]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2014, 2014, Denver, Colorado, Society of Exploration Geophysicists: 3388-3392

[45] ZhangQ-y, MaX, NieY-feng. An iterative fast sweeping method for the eikonal equation in 2D anisotropic media on unstructured triangular meshes [J]. Geophysics, 2021, 86(3): U49-U61

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University