Effect of hybrid type of fibers on the mechanical properties of stabilized sand with coal waste and cement

Abstract

Coal waste (CW) could be used for soil stabilization due to the pozzolanic elements it contains. There hasn’t been much investigation into how different fibers affect the mechanical qualities of stabilized sand, although adding fibers of any kind to soils may improve the soil because of fiber characteristics like rigidity. For this reason, several tests were carried out on sand that contained 6% cement (by dry weight of used sand), 5 wt% CW, 0, 0.25 wt%, and 0.50 wt% fiber, as well as the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) test, unconsolidated undrained triaxial test (UU), scanning electron microscope (SEM) test and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test. The results showed that in comparison to other fiber reinforced mix designs, the specimen reinforced with 0.5% fibers and the mix design of 0.25 wt% glass and 0.25 wt% polypropylene (PP) fibers exhibited the maximum strength. Examining the impact of fiber type found that glass fibers influence PP strength more favorably than other fiber types. The use of PP fibers is an excellent solution for the problem of large strains in design processes, while adding glass fibers is considered a suitable treatment for issues related to small strains.

References

[1] Soleimani KutanaeiS, Janalizadeh ChoobbastiA. Effects of nanosilica particles and randomly distributed fibers on the ultrasonic pulse velocity and mechanical properties of cemented sand [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2017, 29(3): 04016230

[2] KutanaeiS S, ChoobbastiA. Prediction of combined effects of fibers and cement on the mechanical properties of sand using particle swarm optimization algorithm [J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2015, 29: 487-501

[3] CHOOBBASTI A J, VAFAEI A, KUTANAEI S S. Mechanical properties of sandy soil improvedwith cement and nanosilica [J]. Open Engineering, 2015, 5(1): ■–■. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2015-0011.

[4] KutanaeiS S, ChoobbastiA. Prediction of combined effects of fibers and cement on the mechanical properties of sand using particle swarm optimization algorithm [J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2015, 29: 487-501

[5] Taslimi Paein AfrakotiM, Janalizadeh ChoobbastiA, GhadakpourM, et al. . Investigation of the effect of the coal wastes on the mechanical properties of the cement-treated sandy soil [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 239: 117848

[6] GhadakpourM, Janalizadeh ChoobbastiA, Soleimani KutanaeiS. Investigation of the deformability properties of fiber reinforced cemented sand [J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2019, 33(17): 1913-1938

[7] ChoobbastiA J, SamakooshM A, KutanaeiS S. Mechanical properties soil stabilized with nano calcium carbonate and reinforced with carpet waste fibers [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 211: 1094-1104

[8] Soleimani KutanaeiS, Janalizadeh ChoobbastiA. Effects of nanosilica particles and randomly distributed fibers on the ultrasonic pulse velocity and mechanical properties of cemented sand [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2017, 29(3): 04016230

[9] FAHIMI R, SEYEDKAZEMI A, KUTANAEI S S. Prediction and sensitivity analysis of embankment dam settlement under earthquake loading using gene expression programming [J]. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2024: 1–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17486025.2024.2367439.

[10] KutanaeiS S, ChoobbastiA J, FakhrabadiA, et al. . Application of LRBF-DQ and CVBFEM methods for evaluating saturated sand liquefaction around buried pipeline [J]. Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice, 2022, 13(1): 04021077

[11] HamidiA, HooresfandM. Effect of fiber reinforcement on triaxial shear behavior of cement treated sand [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2013, 36: 1-9

[12] AnburuvelA. The engineering behind soil stabilization with additives: A state-of-the-art review [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2024, 42(1): 1-42

[13] ChoobbastiA J, VafaeiA, Soleimani KutanaeiS. Static and cyclic triaxial behavior of cemented sand with nanosilica [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2018, 30(10): 04018269

[14] GhadakpourM, FakhrabadiA, ChoobbastiA J, et al. . Effect of post-construction moisture condition on mechanical behavior of Fiber-reinforced- cemented-sand (FRCS). Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2021 1-13

[15] SunX-H, MiaoL-C, WangH-X, et al. . Study on the influence of magnesium/calcium ratios on biocemented sandy soils [J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2024, 19(8): 5449-5464

[16] QuJ-L, ZhaoD-X. Stabilising the cohesive soil with palm fibre sheath strip [J]. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2016, 17(1): 87-103

[17] RezaeiS, ShooshpashaI, RezaeiH. Evaluation of landslides using ambient noise measurements (case study: Nargeschal landslide) [J]. International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2020, 14(4): 409-419

[18] RezaeiS, ShooshpashaI, RezaeiH. Evaluation of ground dynamic characteristics using ambient noise measurements in a landslide area [J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2020, 79(4): 1749-1763

[19] YangK H, JungY B, ChoM S, et al. . Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on reduction of CO₂ emissions from concrete [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 103: 774-783

[20] VafaeiA, Davoudi-KiaA, KutanaeiS S, et al. . Data-driven investigation of compressive strength of FRP-confined concrete columns using a unified model based on RSM considering interactions between parameters [J]. Structural Concrete, 2024, 25(3): 2183-2205

[21] SukmakG, SukmakP, HorpibulsukS, et al. . An approach for strength development assessment of cement-stabilized soils with various sand and fine contents [J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2024, 48: 101323

[22] KutanaeiS S, ChoobbastiA J. Triaxial behavior of fiber-reinforced cemented sand [J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2016, 30(6): 579-593

[23] TangC S, ShiB, ZhaoL Z. Interfacial shear strength of fiber reinforced soil. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(1): 54-62

[24] WangL, ChuJ, WuS-F. Mechanical behavior of cemented sand under plane strain condition [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2024, 24(9): 04024191

[25] ModarresA, HesamiS, SoltaninejadM, et al. . Application of coal waste in sustainable roller compacted concrete pavement-environmental and technical assessment [J]. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2018, 19(8): 748-761

[26] Taslimi Paein AfrakotiM, Janalizadeh ChoobbastiA, GhadakpourM, et al. . Investigation of the effect of the coal wastes on the mechanical properties of the cement-treated sandy soil [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2020, 239: 117848

[27] GhadakpourM, ChoobbastiA J, KutanaeiS S. Investigation of the Kenaf fiber hybrid length on the properties of the cement-treated sandy soil [J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2020, 22: 100301

[28] ZhangX-D, RussellA R. Liquefaction potential and effective stress of fiber-reinforced sand during undrained cyclic loading [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2021, 147(7): 04021042

[29] VakiliA H, SalimiM, LuY, et al. . Strength and post-freeze-thaw behavior of a marl soil modified by lignosulfonate and polypropylene fiber: An environmentally friendly approach [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2022, 332: 127364

[30] Vela SilveiraM, Dos Santos FerreiraJ W, CasagrandeM D T. Effect of surface treatment on natural aging and mechanical behavior of sisal fiber-reinforced sand composite [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2022, 34(6): 06022001

[31] ZhouL, ChenJ-F, PengM, et al. . Liquefaction behavior of fiber-reinforced calcareous sands in unidirectional and multidirectional simple shear tests [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2022, 50(4): 794-806

[32] TurkK, NehdiM L. Flexural toughness of sustainable ECC with high-volume substitution of cement and silica sand [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 270: 121438

[33] ShenY-S, TangY, YinJ, et al. . An experimental investigation on strength characteristics of fiber-reinforced clayey soil treated with lime or cement [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2021, 294: 123537

[34] YaghoubiM, ShuklaS K, MohyeddinA. Effects of addition of waste tyre fibres and cement on the engineering behaviour of Perth sand [J]. Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2018, 13(1): 42-53

[35] American society for testing and materials, ASTM. Standard test method for unconfined compressive strength of soil, 2016 ASTM D2166

[36] American society for testing and materials, ASTM. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of intact rock core specimens, 2016 ASTM D3967

[37] American society for testing and materials, ASTM. Standard test method for laboratory determination of pulse velocities and ultrasonic elastic constants of rock, 2008 ASTM D2845

[38] American society for testing and materials, ASTM. Standard test method for unconsolidated-undrained triaxial compression test on cohesive soils, 2015 ASTM D2850

[39] ChoobbastiA, KutanaeiS S. Effect of fiber reinforcement on deformability properties of cemented sand [J]. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2017, 31: 1576-1590

[40] TangC-S, WangD-Y, CuiY-J, et al. . Tensile strength of fiber-reinforced soil [J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2016, 28(7): 04016031

[41] AhmadF, BateniF, AzmiM. Performance evaluation of silty sand reinforced with fibres [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(1): 93-99

[42] SadekS, NajjarS S, FreihaF. Shear strength of fiber-reinforced sands [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2010, 136(3): 490-499

[43] NoorzadR, RaveshiM. Mechanical behavior of waste tire crumbs - sand mixtures determined by triaxial tests [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2017, 35(4): 1793-1802

[44] TangC-S, ShiB, GaoW, et al. . Strength and mechanical behavior of short polypropylene fiber reinforced and cement stabilized clayey soil [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2007, 25(3): 194-202

[45] GrayD H, AlrefaeiT O. Behavior of fabric versus fiber reinforced sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1986, 112(8): 804-820

[46] AthanasopoulosG A. Results of direct shear tests on geotextile reinforced cohesive soil [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 1996, 14(11): 619-644

[47] RichardA Y. Direct shear tests used in soil-geomembrane interface friction studies. U. S. Department of the Interior, 1994, 94(9): 1-67

[48] FestugatoL, Peccin Da SilvaA, DiambraA, et al. . Modelling tensile/compressive strength ratio of fibre reinforced cemented soils [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2018, 46(2): 155-165

[49] GrayD H, OhashiH. Mechanics of fiber reinforcement in sand [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1983, 109: 335-353

[50] DiambraA, IbraimE, Muir WoodD, et al. . Fibre reinforced sands: Experiments and modelling [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(3): 238-250

[51] ConsoliN C, Arcari BassaniM A, FestugatoL. Effect of fiber-reinforcement on the strength of cemented soils [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(4): 344-351

[52] DiambraA, RussellA R, IbraimE, et al. . Determination of fibre orientation distribution in reinforced sands [J]. Geotechnique, 2007, 57(7): 623-628

[53] IbraimE, DiambraA, Muir WoodD, et al. . Static liquefaction of fibre reinforced sand under monotonic loading [J]. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 2010, 28(4): 374-385

[54] FatahiB, LeT M, KhabbazH. Small-strain properties of soft clay treated with fibre and cement [J]. Geosynthetics International, 2013, 20: 286-300

[55] ChoobbastiA J, SamakooshM A, KutanaeiS S. Mechanical properties soil stabilized with nano calcium carbonate and reinforced with carpet waste fibers [J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2019, 211: 1094-1104

[56] VafaeiA, ChoobbastiA J, AfrakotiM P, et al. . The presence of colloidal nano silica in sandy soils: A review [J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, 15(7): 582

[57] VafaeiA, ChoobbastiA J, KoutenaeiR Y, et al. . Experimental investigation of the mechanical behavior and engineering properties of sand reinforced with hemp fiber [J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2022, 15(22): 1679

[58] VafaeiA, ChoobbastiA J, KoutenaeiR Y, et al. . Effect of barley straw fiber as a reinforcement on the mechanical behavior of babolsar sand [J]. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2024, 11(1): 216-235

[59] VafaeiA, ChoobbastiA J, VafaeiA, et al. . Prediction the peak shear strength parameters of babolsar sand using particles swarm optimization and artificial neural network methods [J]. Transportation Infrastructure Geotechnology, 2024, 11(2): 470-500

[60] KutanaeiS S, ChoobbastiA J, VafaeiA, et al. . Geotechnical studies on cemented and untreated Behshahr loess and Amol clay of Iran [J]. Particulate Science and Technology, 2024, 42(3): 408-417

[61] NoorzadR, ZarinkolaeiS T G. Comparison of mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced sand under triaxial compression and direct shear [J]. Open Geosciences, 2015, 7(1): 41

[62] RanjanG, VasanR M, CharanH D. Probabilistic analysis of randomly distributed fiber-reinforced soil [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1996, 122(6): 419-426

[63] ConsoliN C, CasagrandeM D T, CoopM R. Performance of a fibre-reinforced sand at large shear strains [J]. Géotechnique, 2007, 57(9): 751-756

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University