Strength and damage evolution mechanism of rock mass with holes under cyclic loading

Abstract

The damage and failure law of rock mass with holes is of great significance to the stability control of roadways. This study investigates the mechanical properties and failure modes of porous rock masses under cyclic loading, elucidates the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and their spatial evolution, and establishes the interrelation among AE, stress, strain, time, and cumulative damage. The results reveal that the rock mass with holes and the intact rock mass show softening and hardening characteristics after cyclic loading. The plastic strain of the rock mass with holes is smaller than that of the intact rock mass, and the stress - strain curve shows hysteresis characteristics. Under uniaxial compression, the pore-bearing rock mass shows the characteristics of higher ringing count, AE energy, b-value peak, and more cumulative ringing count in the failure stage, while it shows lower characteristics under cyclic action. At the initial stage of loading, compared with the intact rock mass, the pore-containing rock mass shows the characteristics of a low b-value. The AE positioning and cumulative damage percentage are larger, and the AE positioning is denser around the hole. The specimen with holes is mainly shear failure, and the complete specimen is mainly tensile shear failure.

References

[1] LiuH-T, HanZ-J, HanZ, et al. . Study on relationship between principal stress difference of surrounding rock and distribution of plastic zone under three-dimensional non-isobaric stress field [J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology), 2024, 55(1): 291-306(in Chinese)

[2] YiB-D, LvH-W, ZhangX, et al. . Regression statistics and analysis of the relationship between measured in-situ stress and buried depth in coal mines [J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering, 2023, 5(6): 63-70

[3] ZhaoZ-Q, MaN-J, LiuH-T, et al. . A butterfly failure theory of rock mass around roadway and its application prospect [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2018, 47(5): 969-978(in Chinese)

[4] GongF-Q, WuW-X, LiT-B, et al. . Experimental simulation and investigation of spalling failure of rectangular tunnel under different three-dimensional stress states [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2019, 122: 104081

[5] LiuH-T, HanZ-J, GuoX-F, et al. . Approximate solution of plastic zone of surrounding rock considering axial stress [J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2023, 51(10): 12-23(in Chinese)

[6] YinG-Z, LuJ, ZhangD-M, et al. . Study on plastic zone and permeability-increasing radius of borehole surrounding rock under true triaxial stress conditions [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2019, 40(S1): 1-10

[7] ZhangT-J, GuoH-L, JingC, et al. . Mechanism of meso-crack damage evolution in failure process of porous soft coal specimens [J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2021, 49(12): 96-103(in Chinese)

[8] ZhuT-T, JingH-W, SuH-J, et al. . Mechanical behavior of sandstone containing double circular cavities under uniaxial compression [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(6): 1047-1056(in Chinese)

[9] GuoX-F, ZhaoZ-Q, GaoX, et al. . Analytical solutions for characteristic radii of circular roadway surrounding rock plastic zone and their application [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2019, 29(2): 263-272

[10] TaoM, ZhaoR, ZhaoH-T, et al. . Failure characteristics and energy distributions of surrounding rock in hard rock tunnels subjected to different three-dimensional stress conditions [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2023, 33(11): 3487-3502

[11] LiC-J, LiX-B, LiD-Y. Particle flow analysis of fracture characteristics of marble with a single hole [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2017, 39(12): 1791-1801

[12] ZhaoH-B, JiD-L, ChengH, et al. . Study on progressive failure mechanism and quantitative analysis of specimen containing the central hole subject to asymmetric load [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2023, 52(3): 478-491(in Chinese)

[13] AkerE, KühnD, VavrycukV, et al. . Experimental investigation of acoustic emissions and their moment tensors in rock during failure [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2014, 70: 286-295

[14] SuG-S, ZhaiS-B, JiangJ-Q, et al. . Influence of radial stress gradient on strainbursts: An experimental study [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 50(10): 2659-2676

[15] LiuX-H, ZhangK, LiN, et al. . Quantitative identification of the failure behavior of the 3D printed rocklike specimen with one hole and two flaws [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42(11): 3017-3028

[16] RenJ-J, ZhangW-L, MaJ. Experimental study on butterfly shape of failure zone and fractal characteristics of rock burst [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022, 140: 106636

[17] LiuC-Y, ZhaoG-M, XuW-S, et al. . Experimental study on failure characteristics of single-sided unloading rock under different intermediate principal stress conditions [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2023, 33(3): 275-287

[18] LiuC-Y, ZhaoG-M, XuW-S, et al. . Experimental investigation on failure process and spatiotemporal evolution of rockburst in granite with a prefabricated circular hole [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(10): 2930-2944

[19] GeL-N. Study on mechanical properties and damage mechanism of coal and rocks with hole defects under eccentric load [D], 2022AnshanLiaoning Technical University(in Chinese)

[20] QianM-G, ShiP-W, XuJ-L. Rock pressure and strata control [M], 2010XuzhouChina University of Mining and Technology Press(in Chinese)

[21] HuS-B, DengJ, MaC-D, et al. . Experimental study of failure characteristics of rock containing flaw under cyclic loading [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2009, 28(12): 2490-2495(in Chinese)

[22] WangT-Z, WangC-L, XueF, et al. . Study on acoustic emission and strain field evolution of red sandstone under different loading and unloading paths [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2022, 41(S1): 2881-2891(in Chinese)

[23] ZhaoG-M, LiuZ-X, MengX-R, et al. . Energy accumulation and dissipation test and analysis method of height-diameter ratio sandstone [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(3): 1110-1121(in Chinese)

[24] ChenG-B, LiT, ZhangG-H, et al. . Determination of bursting liability of coal-rock combined body based on residual energy release rate index [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2023, 42(6): 1366-1383(in Chinese)

[25] FengG-R, MaJ-K, LiZ, et al. . Bearing characteristics and damage mechanism of grouting reinforced body for broken surrounding rock [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(S2): 411-423

[26] LiS-J, LvY-J, LiuJ-W. The study of sample size on b-value statistics in the Gutenberg-Richter’s law [J]. Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, 2018, 13(3): 636-645

[27] ZhangR, AiT, GaoM-Z, et al. . Basic theory and experimental study of rock acoustic emission [M], 2017ChengduSichuan University Press(in Chinese)

[28] WuS-C, GanY-X, RenY, et al. . Feasibility research of AE monitoring index in tunnel based on RA and AF [J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2020, 42(6): 723-730(in Chinese)

[29] DongL-J, ZhangY-H, BiS-J, et al. . Uncertainty investigation for the classification of rock microfracture types using acoustic emission parameters [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2023, 162: 105292