Global stability coefficient of large underground caverns under static loading and earthquake wave condition

Abstract

Underground energy and resource development, deep underground energy storage and other projects involve the global stability of multiple interconnected cavern groups under internal and external dynamic disturbances. An evaluation method of the global stability coefficient of underground caverns based on static overload and dynamic overload was proposed. Firstly, the global failure criterion for caverns was defined based on its band connection of plastic-strain between multi-caverns. Then, overloading calculation of the boundary geostress and seismic intensity on the caverns model was carried out, and the critical unstable state of multi-caverns can be identified, if the plastic-strain band appeared between caverns during these overloading processes. Thus, the global stability coefficient for the multi-caverns under static loading and earthquake was obtained based on the corresponding overloading coefficient. Practical analysis for the Yingliangbao (YLB) hydraulic caverns indicated that this method can not only effectively obtain the global stability coefficient of caverns under static and dynamic earthquake conditions, but also identify the caverns’ high-risk zone of local instability through localized plastic strain of surrounding rock. This study can provide some reference for the layout design and seismic optimization of underground cavern group.

References

[1] JiangQ, SuG-S, FengX-T, et al. . Excavation optimization and stability analysis for large underground Caverns under high geostress: A case study of the Chinese Laxiwa project [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52(3): 895-915

[2] KumarV, JhaP C, SinghN P, et al. . Application of microseismic monitoring in analysing the stability of underground cavern [J]. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 2021, 97(11): 1379-1386

[3] ZhaoJ-S, JiangQ, PeiS-F, et al. . Microseismicity and focal mechanism of blasting-induced block falling of intersecting chamber of large underground cavern under high geostress [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(2): 542-554

[4] GuoD-L, ZhaoD-S. Analysis of effects of a double-tube parallel tunnel excavation on underground pipelines [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2013, 395–396: 477-480

[5] ChenY-L, ZhangJ-W, ZhangJ-H, et al. . Rockburst precursors and the dynamic failure mechanism of the deep tunnel: A review [J]. Energies, 2021, 14(22): 7548

[6] MajiV B. Numerical analysis of Shiobara hydropower cavern using practical equivalent approach [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 10(2): 402-410

[7] WenZ-J, JingS-L, MengF-B, et al. . Control technology for floor heave of Jurassic soft rock in the Erdos Basin of China: A case study [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2022, 29(12): 4051-4065

[8] MortazaviA, NasabH. Analysis of the behavior of large underground oil storage Caverns in salt rock [J]. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2017, 41(4): 602-624

[9] LiuJ, ZengL-L, GuoX-Q, et al. . Experimental study on flow-induced vibration response characteristics of leaching tubing in salt cavern gas storage [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2022, 138: 106302

[10] JiangQ, FengX-T, FanY-L, et al. . In situ experimental investigation of basalt spalling in a large underground powerhouse cavern [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2017, 68: 82-94

[11] XinJ, JiangQ, GongF-Q, et al. . Mechanical behaviors of backfill-rock composites: Physical shear test and back-analysis [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2024, 16(3): 807-827

[12] LiuQ, JiangQ, YuY, et al. . Extrusion 3D printing circular and horseshoe tunnel physical models: A comparative study of deformation and brittle failure [J]. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2024, 129: 104229

[13] MaoH-Y, XuN-W, ZhouZ, et al. . Failure mechanism and deformation forecasting of surrounding rock mass in an underground cavern based on engineering analogy method [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2024, 143: 105497

[14] GongF-Q, WuW-X, ZhangL. Brazilian disc test study on tensile strength-weakening effect of high pre-loaded red sandstone under dynamic disturbance [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(10): 2899-2913

[15] PengJ-S. Rock burst and protection in underground engineering of ertan hydropower station [J]. Water Power, 1998, 39(7): 39-40(in Chinese)

[16] HuangR-Q, HuangD, DuanS-H, et al. . Geomechanics mechanism and characteristics of surrounding rock mass deformation failure in construction phase for underground powerhouse of Jinping I hydropower station [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 30(1): 23-35(in Chinese)

[17] IidaH, HirotoT, YoshidaN, et al. . Damage to Daikai subway station [J]. Soils and Foundations, 1996, 36: 283-300

[18] HashashY M A, HookJ J, SchmidtB, et al. . Seismic design and analysis of underground structures [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2001, 16(4): 247-293

[19] ZhuW-S, ZhangQ-B, ZhuH-H, et al. . Large-scale geomechanical model testing of an underground cavern group in a true three-dimensional (3-D) stress state [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2010, 47(9): 935-946

[20] RahamanO, KumarJ. Stability analysis of twin horseshoe shaped tunnels in rock mass [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 98: 103354

[21] JiangQ, LiuX-P, YanF, et al. . Failure performance of 3DP physical twin-tunnel model and corresponding safety factor evaluation [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2021, 54(1): 109-128

[22] WuJ-Y, CaoA-W, LiuJ-J, et al. . Method for calculation overall safety of factor of underground cavern complex and its application [J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2021, 17(S1): 433-438497

[23] LiH-B, MaX-D, LiJ-R, et al. . Study on influence factors of rock cavern displacement under earthquake [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2006, 28(3): 358-362(in Chinese)

[24] ZhaoB-Y, MaZ-Y. Influence of cavern spacing on the stability of large cavern groups in a hydraulic power station [J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2009, 46(3): 506-513

[25] AydanÖ, OhtaY, GenişM, et al. . Response and stability of underground structures in rock mass during earthquakes [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2010, 43(6): 857-875

[26] CuiZ, ShengQ, LengX-L. Control effect of a large geological discontinuity on the seismic response and stability of underground rock Caverns: A case study of the Baihetan #1 surge chamber [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016, 49(6): 2099-2114

[27] KuhlemeyerR L, LysmerJ. Finite element method accuracy for wave propagation problems [J]. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 1973, 99(5): 421-427

[28] LiB, DingQ-F, XuN-W, et al. . Mechanical response and stability analysis of rock mass in high geostress underground powerhouse Caverns subjected to excavation [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(10): 2971-2984

[29] XinJ, JiangQ, ZhaiD, et al. . Shear-induced rockburst of double-tunnel rocks subjected to shear loading: A comparative analysis [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2023, 30(12): 4207-4229

[30] ChuB-L, HsuS-C, ChangY-L, et al. . Mechanical behavior of a twin-tunnel in multi-layered formations [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2007, 22(3): 351-362

[31] SteedmanR S, ZengX. The influence of phase on the calculation of pseudo-static earth pressure on a retaining wall. pdf [J]. Geotechnique, 1990, 40(1): 103-112

[32] MaK, ZhangJ-H, ZhouZ, et al. . Comprehensive analysis of the surrounding rock mass stability in the underground Caverns of Jinping I hydropower station in Southwest China [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 104: 103525

[33] SuY, LuoX-H, ChenS-Y, et al. . Tender design report of Yingliangbao hydropower station in Dadu river, Sichuan Province (Engineering Geology) [R], 2019ChengduChengdu Engineering Corporation Limited(in Chinese)

[34] LiuJ, JiangQ, ChenT, et al. . Bayesian estimation for probability distribution of rock’s elastic modulus based on compression wave velocity and deformation warning for large underground cavern [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022, 55(6): 3749-3767

[35] CaoS-Q, ZhengH, JiangQ, et al. . Seismic response analysis of the underground cavern group at the Yingliangbao hydropower station to the 2022 Ms 6.8 Luding earthquake [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2024, 176: 108317

[36] LiH-B, XiaoK-Q, LiuY-Q. Factor of safety anslysis of bedding rock slope under seismic load [J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2007, 26(12): 2385-2395(in Chinese)

[37] JiangY-Z, WangR-H, TangT-C, et al. . Research on plane strain model test of rockburst of underground cavern in hard brittle rockmass [J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2014, 501–504: 1810-1814

[38] JaninJ P, DiasD, EmeriaultF, et al. . Numerical back-analysis of the southern Toulon tunnel measurements: A comparison of 3D and 2D approaches [J]. Engineering Geology, 2015, 195: 42-52

[39] ZhuF-C, YuJ-J, LiuB-X, et al. . Numerical analysis of stability of underground openings through loading/unloading of in-situ stress fields [J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2016, 38(9): 1578-1586(in Chinese)

[40] HuY-N, JiJ, SunZ-B, et al. . First order reliability-based design optimization of 3D pile-reinforced slopes with Pareto optimality [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2023, 162: 105635

[41] LüT, LiH-B, YangJ-H, et al. . Comparison between 2D and 3D numerical analysis for seismic response of Xiluodu underground Caverns [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2009, 30(3): 721-728(in Chinese)

[42] ChenL-W, BaiS-W, YinX-X. Physical simulation on failure around a circular cavern in hard and brittle rock under high and increasing natural stress conditions [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2014, 140(2): 332-344

[43] NieW, ZhaoZ-Y, GohA T C, et al. . Performance based support design for horseshoe-shaped rock Caverns using 2D numerical analysis [J]. Engineering Geology, 2018, 245: 266-279

[44] LiuJ, JiangQ, DiasD, et al. . Probability quantification of GSI and D in Hoek - Brown criterion using Bayesian inversion and ultrasonic test in rock mass [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2023, 56(10): 7701-7719

[45] GB 18306-2015. Seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China [S]. (in Chinese)

[46] GB 18306-2015. Seismic ground motion parameters zonation map of China [S]. (in Chinese)