Mechanical properties of rocks anchored by constant resistance energy-absorbing material

Abstract

Anchoring support using bolts and cables works together with rock masses to form an integrated anchoring system and jointly resists the energy released by dynamic disasters. The strength and elongation of traditional support are often insufficient, causing anchoring system failure when withstanding dynamic disasters. Constant resistance energy-absorbing (CREA) material is a new type of support material with high strength and large elongation. To understand the mechanical properties of this new material and its anchoring system, we carried out static tensile and dynamic impact tests on the CREA anchoring material. Subsequently, the SHPB impact tests were carried out on rocks anchored by CREA, MG335, and MG500 anchoring materials. The deformation and failure characteristics of anchored rocks under high-speed impact were studied. Compared with MG335 and MG500 anchored rocks, the peak stress of the CREA anchored rock is increased by 42.2% and 63.9%, and the absorbed energy is increased by 42.0% and 63.2%. The CREA supporting technology can enhance the bearing capacity and energy-absorbing capacity of the anchored rock under dynamic impacts. Finally, we propose engineering suggestions to anchored rocks using the CREA supporting technology under strong disturbance and carry out a field application in a deep burst-prone coal mine.

Keywords

constant resistance energy-absorbing / anchored rock / mechanical properties / experimental study / field application

References

[1] KonicekP, SchreiberJ. Heavy rockbursts due to longwall mining near protective pillars: A case study. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2018, 28(5): 799-805 J]

[2] WangQ, XuS, HeM-c, et al. . Dynamic mechanical characteristics and application of constant resistance energy-absorbing supporting material. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2022, 32(3): 447-458 J]

[3] LiC C. A practical problem with threaded rebar bolts in reinforcing largely deformed rock masses. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2007, 40(5): 519-524 J]

[4] WuQ-h, LiX-b, TaoM, et al. . Conventional triaxial compression on hollow cylinders of sandstone with various fillings: Relationship of surrounding rock with support. Journal of Central South University, 2018, 25(8): 1976-1986 J]

[5] WangQ, QinQ, JiangB, et al. . Mechanized construction of fabricated Arches for large-diameter tunnels. Automation in Construction, 2021, 124: 103583 J]

[6] YuanY-x, HanC-l, ZhangN, et al. . Zonal disintegration characteristics of roadway roof under strong mining conditions and mechanism of thick anchored and trans-boundary supporting. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022, 55(1): 297-315 J]

[7] FanD-y, LiuX-s, TanY-l, et al. . Numerical simulation research on response characteristics of surrounding rock for deep super-large section chamber under dynamic and static combined loading condition. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(12): 3544-3566 J]

[8] HeM-c, WangQi. Excavation compensation method and key technology for surrounding rock control. Engineering Geology, 2022, 307106784 J]

[9] WangS-m, ZhouJ, LiC-q, et al. . Rockburst prediction in hard rock mines developing bagging and boosting tree-based ensemble techniques. Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28(2): 527-542 J]

[10] PanY-s, QiQ-x, WangA-w, et al. . Theory and technology of three levels support in bump-prone roadway. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(5): 1585-1594[J]

[11] WangQ, GaoH-k, JiangZ-h, et al. . Development and application of a surrounding rock digital drilling test system of underground engineering. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2020, 39(2): 301-310[J]

[12] JiaP, ZhuW-cheng. Dynamic-static coupling analysis on rockburst mechanism in jointed rock mass. Journal of Central South University, 2012, 19(11): 3285-3290 J]

[13] ZhaoJ-s, ChenB-r, JiangQ, et al. . Microseismic monitoring of rock mass fracture response to blasting excavation of large underground Caverns under high geostress. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022, 55(2): 733-750 J]

[14] CaiM, KaiserP KRockburst support reference book-Volume I: Rockburst phenomenon and support characteristics, 2018, Sudbury, Laurentian University[M]

[15] DouL-m, CaiW, CaoA-y, et al. . Comprehensive early warning of rock burst utilizing microseismic multiparameter indices. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2018, 28(5): 767-774 J]

[16] SharifzadehM, LouJ-f, CromptonB. Dynamic performance of energy-absorbing rockbolts based on laboratory test results. Part I: Evolution, deformation mechanisms, dynamic performance and classification. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2020, 105103510 J]

[17] WangQ, GaoH-k, YuH-c, et al. . Method for measuring rock mass characteristics and evaluating the grouting-reinforced effect based on digital drilling. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52(3): 841-851 J]

[18] GongW-l, PengY-y, WangH, et al. . Fracture angle analysis of rock burst faulting planes based on true-triaxial experiment. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2015, 48(3): 1017-1039 J]

[19] LuoY, GongH-l, HuangJ-h, et al. . Dynamic cumulative damage characteristics of deep-buried granite from Shuangjiangkou hydropower station under true triaxial constraint. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2022, 165104215 J]

[20] LiuQ-s, LeiG-f, PengX-xin. Advance and review on the anchoring mechanism in deep fractured rock mass. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(2): 312-332[J]

[21] LiC C, DoucetC. Performance of D-bolts under dynamic loading. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2012, 45(2): 193-204 J]

[22] LiL, HaganP C, SaydamS, et al. . A laboratory study of shear behaviour of rockbolts under dynamic loading based on the drop test using a double shear system. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52(9): 3413-3429 J]

[23] KangH-p, YangJ-h, GaoF-q, et al. . Experimental study on the mechanical behavior of rock bolts subjected to complex static and dynamic loads. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2020, 53(11): 4993-5004 J]

[24] WuY-z, FuY-k, HaoD-yun. Study on dynamic response law of anchored rock mass under lateral impact loads. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2020, 39(10): 2014-2024[J]

[25] SHAN Shi-chang, WU Yong-zheng, FU Yu-kai, et al. Experimental study on shear mechanical properties of anchored rock mass under impact load [J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering, 2021(4): 20–29. (in Chinese)

[26] LiX-bingRock dynamics fundamentals and applications, 2014, Beijing, Science Press[M]

[27] LiuX-x, LiY, ZhaoF-j, et al. . Experimental research on mechanical and energy characteristics of reinforced rock under dynamic loading. Shock and Vibration, 2019, 20191-11 J]

[28] NingJ-g, QiuP-q, YangS-h, et al. . Damage mechanism and support of surrounding rock anchorage structure of deep large section chamber under static-dynamic coupling loading. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2020, 37(1): 50-61[J]

[29] QiuP-q, NingJ-g, WangJ, et al. . Experimental study on EPRD (effectiveness for a given period to resistance dynamic load) of bolted rock under dynamic load. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(11): 3433-3444[J]

[30] LiX-b, ZhouZ-l, LokT S, et al. . Innovative testing technique of rock subjected to coupled static and dynamic loads. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2008, 45(5): 739-748 J]

[31] WuY-z, FuY-k, ZhengJ-wei. Dynamic mechanical properties and strain rate effect of bolts. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(11): 3709-3716[J]

[32] LeeJ-m, HwangB. Effect of austempering time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high strength nanostructured bainitic steels. Korean Journal of Materials Research, 2020, 30: 87-92 J]

[33] YuanX-h, ZhangQ-fu. Microstructure evolution of hot-dip Al-10%Si coating during the austenitization of 22MnB5 hot stamping steel. Acta Metallurgica Sinica, 2017, 53(11): 1495-1503[J]

[34] HeM-c, WangQ, WuQ-ying. Innovation and future of mining rock mechanics. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2021, 13(1): 1-21 J]

[35] WangQ, XuS, XinZ-x, et al. . Mechanical properties and field application of constant resistance energy-absorbing anchor cable. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 125104526 J]

[36] JiangJ-q, FengX-t, YangC-x, et al. . Experimental study on the failure characteristics of granite subjected to weak dynamic disturbance under different σ₃ conditions. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2021, 54(11): 5577-5590 J]