Subgrade settlements of existing railway lines and operational parameters of shield machine induced by twin shield tunnel excavations: A case study

Abstract

This paper presents a case study on the subgrade settlements of four national railway lines induced by twin shield tunnel excavations. The development characteristics of subgrade settlements can be divided into three stages. The monitoring data indicate that subgrade settlements increase gradually before the shield machine crossing the monitoring region, then increase sharply during the shield machine crossing, and finally approach to be stable after the shield machine crossing. Immediately splicing the segments into rings, implementing the compensation and secondary grouting facilitate the control of subgrade settlements. Operational parameters play a crucial role in controlling the subgrade settlements. The effects of the operational parameters of the shield machine on the subgrade settlements are analyzed. The investigation reveals that excessive shield driving velocity causes large subgrade settlements, accompanied by the sudden reduction of rotation torque and total thrust. The excavated earth volume affects the subgrade settlements insensitively because of its easily controlling. Synchronous grouting volume can rise the existing subgrade if not controlled appropriately. Great subgrade settlements cause large earth pressures to be exerted at the chamber. Some valuable references and guidance are given through this paper for the operational parameter setting of shield machines and deformation control of multiple railway lines due to the shield tunnel excavation beneath.

Keywords

subgrade settlement / operational parameters of shield machine / existing railway lines / shield tunnel

References

[[1]] Fang Q, Zhang D-L, Wong L N Y. Shallow tunnelling method (STM) for subway station construction in soft ground [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2012, 29: 10-30,

[[2]] Fang Q, Liu X, Zhang D-L, et al.. Shallow tunnel construction with irregular surface topography using cross diaphragm method [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2017, 68: 11-21,

[[3]] Yu L, Zhang D-L, Fang Q, et al.. Surface settlement of subway station construction using pile-beamarch approach [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 90: 340-356,

[[4]] Niu Z-L, Cheng Y, Zhang Y-W, et al.. A new method for predicting ground settlement induced by pipe jacking construction [J]. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2020, 2020: 1-11

[[5]] Liu X, Fang Q, Zhang D-L, et al.. Behaviour of existing tunnel due to new tunnel construction below [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2019, 110: 71-81,

[[6]] Liu X, Fang Q, Jiang A-N, et al.. Discontinuous mechanical behaviors of existing shield tunnel with stiffness reduction at longitudinal joints [J]. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2023, 17(1): 37-52,

[[7]] Liu X, Fang Q, Jiang A-N, et al.. Deformation analysis of existing tunnels with shearing and bending stiffness reduction at movement joints [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 123: 104408,

[[8]] Liu X, Zhang R, Jiang A-N, et al.. Mechanical behaviors and soil gap formation of existing pipeline based on large-deformation theory [J]. International Journal of Geomechanics, 2023, 23(7): 04023098,

[[9]] Liu X, Jiang A-N, Hai L, et al.. Study on soil gap formation beneath existing underground structures due to new excavation below [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2021, 139: 104379,

[[10]] Zhang Z-G, Zhang C-P, Jiang K-M, et al.. Analytical prediction for tunnel-soil-pile interaction mechanics based on Kerr foundation model [J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 23(6): 2756-2771,

[[11]] Franza A, Marshall A M. Centrifuge modeling study of the response of piled structures to tunneling [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2018, 144(2): 04017109,

[[12]] Meng F-Y, Chen R-P, Xu Y, et al.. Contributions to responses of existing tunnel subjected to nearby excavation: A review [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 119: 104195,

[[13]] Xu J-M, Franza A, Marshall A M, et al.. Tunnel-framed building interaction: Comparison between raft and separate footing foundations [J]. Géotechnique, 2021, 71(7): 631-644,

[[14]] Xu J-M, Franza A, Marshall A M. Response of framed buildings on raft foundations to tunneling [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2020, 146(11): 04020120,

[[15]] Lopes P, Costa P A, Ferraz M, et al.. Numerical modeling of vibrations induced by railway traffic in tunnels: From the source to the nearby buildings [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2014, 61–62: 269-285,

[[16]] Qian W-P, Qi T-Y, Zhao Y-J, et al.. Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation [J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 11(1): 88-98,

[[17]] Yang L-S, Liu J-G, Shu H, et al.. Centrifugal model test on construction process of a super large diameter shield tunnel passing under existing railway [J]. Mod Tunn Technol, 2021, 58: 170-177 (in Chinese)

[[18]] Song M, Liu J-G, Wang X-T, et al.. Study on railway subgrade settlement induced by an ultra-large-diameter shield tunnel crossing under railway subgrade [J]. Symmetry, 2022, 15(1): 75,

[[19]] Xu P-C. . Analysis on ground deformation induced by shield tunnel of subway crossing lines of high-speed rail and dynamic response of the train [D], 2014 Beijing Beijing Jiaotong University (in Chinese)

[[20]] Liu B, Xi D-H, Xu P. Study on the interaction of metro shield tunnel construction under-crossing the existing Longhai railway [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2020, 38(2): 2159-2168,

[[21]] Ruan L, Sun X-B, Shen X-Z, et al.. Study of the influence of new shield tunnel construction on existing railway subgrade [J]. Railway Standard Design, 2018, 62(6): 99-104 (in Chinese)

[[22]] Jiao N, Sun S, Liu J-Y, et al.. Analysis of existing railway deformation caused by double shield tunnel construction in soil-rock composite stratum [J]. Energy Reports, 2023, 9: 159-165,

[[23]] Ma X-F, Wang L-C, Gong L, et al.. Deformation and grouting reinforcement for railway subgrade crossed by a double-track metro shield tunnel in Sandy-Cobble Strata [J]. Tunnel Construction, 2021, 41(s1): 181-189 (in Chinese)

[[24]] Wang W-Q, Liu F, Jin Z-L, et al.. Study on pre-reinforcement scheme of large diameter shield tunnel passing under ballastless track subgrade of high speed railway [J]. Railway Standard Design, 2021, 65(12): 96-102 (in Chinese)

[[25]] Mei Y, Zhang X-Y, Nong X-Z, et al.. Experimental study of the comprehensive technology of grouting and suspension under an operating railway in the cobble stratum [J]. Transportation Geotechnics, 2021, 30: 100612,

[[26]] Chen R-P, Liu Y, Tang L-J, et al.. Research on calculation of thrust and cutter head torque on shield in complex strata [J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space Engineering, 2012, 8(1): 26-32 (in Chinese)

[[27]] Copur H, Aydin H, Bilgin N, et al.. Predicting performance of EPB TBMs by using a stochastic model implemented into a deterministic model [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2014, 42: 1-14,

[[28]] Yang J-H, Zhang X-P, Ji P-Q, et al.. Analysis of disc cutter damage and consumption of TBM1 section on water conveyance tunnel at Lanzhou water source construction engineering [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 85: 67-75,

[[29]] Lin S-S, Shen S-L, Zhang N, et al.. Modelling the performance of EPB shield tunnelling using machine and deep learning algorithms [J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2021, 12(5): 101177,

[[30]] Zhang Q-L, Zhu Y-W, Ma R, et al.. Prediction method of TBM tunneling parameters based on PSO-Bi-LSTM model [J]. Frontiers in Earth Science, 2022, 10: 854807,

[[31]] Kong X-X, Ling X-Z, Tang L, et al.. Random forest-based predictors for driving forces of earth pressure balance (EPB) shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 122: 104373,

[[32]] Cachim P, Bezuijen A. Modelling the torque with artificial neural networks on a tunnel boring machine [J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2019, 23(10): 4529-4537,

[[33]] Zhu H-H, Xu Q-W, Zheng Q-Z, et al.. Experimental study on working parameters of earth pressure balance shield machine tunneling in soft ground [J]. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 2008, 2(4): 350-358,

[[34]] Huang Z, Zhang H, Long Z, et al.. Field test optimization of shield tunnelling parameters undercrossing an existing high-speed railway tunnel: A case study [J]. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2021, 39(2): 1381-1398,

[[35]] Liu B, Wang Y-X, Zhao G-Z, et al.. Intelligent decision method for main control parameters of tunnel boring machine based on multi-objective optimization of excavation efficiency and cost [J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2021, 116: 104054,