Effect of heat treatment on hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of 2195 Al-Li alloy

Abstract

2195 aluminum-lithium alloy has numerous applications in industrial production, and the different initial heat treatment state impacts its hot deformation behavior. Therefore, this work seeks to examine the impact of heat treatment states on the microstructure development and deformation behavior of 2195 Al-Li alloys. The experiments have been carried out on a Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator in the temperature range 350–500 °C and with a strain rate of 0.01–10 s⁻¹. The microstructure analysis in various regions was compared, and constitutive models and processing maps of the alloys were produced. At high deformation temperatures (400–500 °), the peak stress of the T3 and T8 samples is nearly the same. Low angle boundaries (LABs) and the content of dynamic recrystallization have also been found. Due to solution strengthening and deformation strengthening effects, the 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy plate exhibited a larger deformation activation energy than the 2195-T3 Al-Li alloy. The hot working windows of the Al-Li alloys 2195-T3 and 2195-T8 were determined to be 475–500 ° and 0.01–0.1 s⁻¹, respectively. The research can serve as useful assistance for the Al-Li alloy’s ideal heat treatment conditions during hot working processing.

Keywords

2195 Al-Li alloys / deformation behavior / microstructure evolution / heat treatment state

References

[1] HeinzA, HaszlerA, KeidelC, et al. . Recent development in aluminium alloys for aerospace applications [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2000, 280(1): 102-107

[2] SunR-j, LiL-h, ZhuY, et al. . Microstructure, residual stress and tensile properties control of wire-arc additive manufactured 2319 aluminum alloy with laser shock peening [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2018, 747: 255-265

[3] XueC-p, ZhangY-x, MaoP-c, et al. . Improving mechanical properties of wire arc additively manufactured AA2196 Al-Li alloy by controlling solidification defects [J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2021, 43: 102019

[4] HatamlehO, HillM, ForthS, et al. . Fatigue crack growth performance of peened friction stir welded 2195 aluminum alloy joints at elevated and cryogenic temperatures [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2009, 519(1–2): 61-69

[5] JiangN, GaoX, ZhengZ-qiao. Microstructure evolution of aluminum-lithium alloy 2195 undergoing commercial production [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2010, 20(5): 740-745

[6] WangY-x, MaX-w, ZhaoG-q, et al. . Microstructure evolution of spray deposited and as-cast 2195 Al-Li alloys during homogenization [J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2021, 82161-178

[7] Abd El-AtyA, XuY, GuoX-z, et al. . Strengthening mechanisms, deformation behavior, and anisotropic mechanical properties of Al-Li alloys: A review [J]. Journal of Advanced Research, 2018, 10: 49-67

[8] RiojaR, LiuJ. The evolution of Al-Li base products for aerospace and space applications [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 2012, 43(9): 3325-3337

[9] WuS-b, LeiZ-l, LiB-w, et al. . Hot cracking evolution and formation mechanism in 2195 Al-Li alloy printed by laser powder bed fusion [J]. Additive Manufacturing, 2022, 54: 102762

[10] KumarS A, KumarN, RaiD A. Friction stir additive manufacturing—An innovative tool to enhance mechanical and microstructural properties [J]. Materials Science and Engineering B, 2021, 263114832

[11] HerzogD, SeydaV, WyciskE, et al. . Additive manufacturing of metals [J]. Acta Materialia, 2016, 117371-392

[12] JiaoS-k, ChengX, ShenS-x, et al. . Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of Al-Li alloy fabricated by laser melting deposition technique [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 821(C): 153125

[13] LiuD-m, YürekliB, UllspergerT, et al. . Microstructural aspects of additive manufacturing of AlLi alloys with high Li content [J]. Materials & Design, 2021, 198: 109323

[14] LimS, KimS, LeeC G, et al. . Tensile behavior of friction-stri-welded Al6061-T651 [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2004, 3592829-2835

[15] ShenZ, ChenS, CuiL, et al. . Local microstructure evolution and mechanical performance of friction stir additive manufactured 2195 Al-Li alloy [J]. Materials Characterization, 2022, 186111818

[16] FondaR W, BingertJ F. Precipitation and grain refinement in a 2195 Al friction stir weld [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2006, 37(12): 3593-3604

[17] QinH-l, ZhangH, WuH-qiang. The evolution of precipitation and microstructure in friction stir welded 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2015, 626322-329

[18] KimJ H, JeunJ H, ChunH J, et al. . Effect of precipitates on mechanical properties of AA2195 [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 669: 187-198

[19] LiuF C, MaZ Y. Influence of tool dimension and welding parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction-stir-welded 6061-T651 aluminum alloy [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, 2008, 39(10): 2378-2388

[20] ColegroveP A, ShercliffH R. Experimental and numerical analysis of aluminium alloy 7075-T7351 friction stir welds [J]. Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2003, 8(5): 360-368

[21] YuanT, JiangJ-h, MaA-b, et al. . Simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of an Al-5.5Mg-1.6Li-0.1Zr alloy via warm multi-pass ECAP [J]. Materials Characterization, 2019, 151: 530-541

[22] SherbyO D, KlundtR H, MillerA K. Flow stress, subgrain size, and subgrain stability at elevated temperature [J]. Metallurgical Transactions A, 1977, 8(6): 843-850

[23] LequeuP, SmithK P, DaniélouA. Aluminum-copper-lithium alloy 2050 developed for medium to thick plate [J]. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2010, 19(6): 841-847

[24] ChenP, ZouS-q, ChenJ, et al. . Effect of rotation speed on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of nugget zone in 2195-T8 Al-Li alloy friction stir welding joints [J]. Materials Characterization, 2021, 176: 111079

[25] SakaiT-k, BelyakovA, KaibyshevR, et al. . Dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization under hot, cold and severe plastic deformation conditions [J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2014, 60130-207

[26] YangQ-b, WangX-z, LiX, et al. . Hot deformation behavior and microstructure of AA2195 alloy under plane strain compression [J]. Materials Characterization, 2017, 131: 500-507

[27] McQUEEN H, JONAS J. Recovery and recrystallization during high temperature deformation [M]//Treatise on Materials Science & Technology. Elsevier, 1975: 393–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-341806-7.50014-3

[28] DongY-y, ZhangC-s, ZhaoG-q, et al. . Constitutive equation and processing maps of an Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy: Determination and application in simulating extrusion process of complex profiles [J]. Materials & Design, 2016, 92: 983-997

[29] DengY, YinZ-m, HuangJ-wu. Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of homogenized 7050 aluminum alloy during compression at elevated temperature [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2011, 528(3): 1780-1786

[30] ChenL, ZhaoG-q, YuJ-q, et al. . Constitutive analysis of homogenized 7005 aluminum alloy at evaluated temperature for extrusion process [J]. Materials & Design, 2015, 66: 129-136

[31] McQUEENH J, RyanN D. Constitutive analysis in hot working [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2002, 322(1–2): 43-63

[32] ZenerC, HollomonJ H. Effect of strain rate upon plastic flow of steel [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 1944, 15(1): 22-32

[33] Abbasi-BaniA, Zarei-HanzakiA, PishbinM H, et al. . A comparative study on the capability of Johnson-Cook and Arrhenius-type constitutive equations to describe the flow behavior of Mg-6Al-1Zn alloy [J]. Mechanics of Materials, 2014, 71: 52-61

[34] WangY-x, ZhaoG-q, XuX, et al. . Constitutive modeling, processing map establishment and microstructure analysis of spray deposited Al-Cu-Li alloy 2195 [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 779: 735-751

[35] SundarR S, BaligidadR G, PrasadY V R K, et al. . Processing of iron aluminides [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 1998, 258(1–2): 219-228

[36] JinX-z, XuW-c, ShanD-b, et al. . Deformation behavior, microstructure evolution and hot workability of Mg-3.7Gd-2.9Y-0.7Zn-0.7Zr alloy [J]. Metals and Materials International, 2017, 23(3): 434-443

[37] PrasadS. Modelling of hot deformation for microstructural control [J]. International Materials Reviews, 1998, 43(6): 243-258

[38] JenabA, KarimiT A. Experimental investigation of the hot deformation behavior of AA7075: Development and comparison of flow localization parameter and dynamic material model processing maps [J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2014, 78: 97-105

[39] MurtyS V S N, SarkarA, NarayananP R, et al. . Microstructure and micro-texture evolution during large strain deformation of aluminium alloy AA2219 [J]. Materials Science and Engineering A, 2016, 677: 41-49