Preparation of a novel surfactant dibutyl (2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl) phosphonate and its adsorption mechanism in cassiterite flotation

Abstract

A novel surfactant dibutyl (2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl) phosphonate (DBPHA) was designed and synthesized as a cassiterite flotation collector. Micro-flotation experiment results indicated that under the condition of pH~9.00, collector initial concentration 8×10⁻⁵ mol/L, the flotation recovery of cassiterite reached about 90% using DBPHA as collector, while only 22% using BHA as collector. The adsorption mechanism of DBPHA on the cassiterite surface was investigated by zeta potential, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and density functional theory calculations. The changes in the zeta potential for the DBPHA-treated cassiterite particles demonstrated that DBPHA chemisorbed onto the cassiterite surface, while the addition of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) barely changed the zeta potential of cassiterite. Density functional theory predicted that DBPHA possessed two active sites of the reaction center, namely, hydroxamate and phosphoryl groups, while BHA only had one hydroxamate group. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra revealed that the chemisorption of DBPHA on cassiterite produced DBPHA-Sn surface species, where both hydroxamate (—C(=O) —NHOH) and phosphoryl (P=O) groups bonded with surface Sn atoms, causing the hydrophobic groups of DBPHA to orient towards the solutions for attaching bubbles. Therefore, an effective enrichment of cassiterite was achieved.

Keywords

dibutyl (2-(hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl) phosphonate / hydroxamic acid / cassiterite / flotation / adsorption mechanism

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