Leaching kinetics of magnesium from spent magnesia-chromium refractories

Abstract

In this study, the microscopic properties of spent magnesia-chromium refractories before and after leaching were detected by SEM-EDS and BSE. In addition, the influence of conditions on magnesium leaching was studied by leaching kinetics test, and the kinetics of the leaching process was analyzed by statistical and graphical methods. The results indicate that the relationship between different phases in raw material is complicated that the leaching residue is chromite spinel, and the particles have various holes and cracks. Increasing temperature, hydrochloric acid concentration and liquid-solid ratio can accelerate leaching velocity of magnesium, thereby promoting the whole leaching process, and the promotion effect of temperature is the most significant. The process of leaching magnesium from spent magnesia-chromium refractories conforms to the progressive-conversion model with chemical reaction being the rate-controlling step, in which the corresponding apparent activation energy was 69.11 kJ/mol, and its kinetic equation can be expressed as follows: X/(1−X)=4.898×10⁸×C_HCL^0.7982×(L/S)^0.7407×e^−8312/T×t^0.9276.

Keywords

spent magnesia-chromium refractories / microscopic characteristics / leaching of magnesium / leaching kinetics

References

[1] PecoraroC, Cuesta-LópezS. Theoretical study of the performance of refractory materials for extreme conditions applications [J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2018, 432: 24-28

[2] QianF, DuanX K, YangW G, et al. . Research progress of magnesia chrome refractories and their application in greenization for high temperature furnace [J]. Materials Reports, 2019, 33(12): 3882-3891

[3] MalflietA, LotfianS, ScheunisL, et al. . Degradation mechanisms and use of refractory linings in copper production processes: A critical review [J]. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2014, 34(3): 849-876

[4] KimD H, YooS H, HaC S, et al. . Wear of direct-bonded magnesia-chrome ore refractories in the RH-TOB process [J]. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan, 2005, 113(1318): 405-408

[5] WojsaJ, PodwórnyJ, SuwakR. Thermal shock resistance of magnesia-chrome refractories—Experimental and criterial evaluation [J]. Ceramics International, 2013, 39(1): 1-12

[6] JinZ, LyuJ, YangH, et al. . Corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chromite refractories by ZnO-containing fayalite slags: Effect of funnel glass addition [J]. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 2019, 26(12): 1604-1616

[7] ChenL G, MalflietA, VleugelsJ, et al. . Degradation mechanisms of alumina-chromia refractories for secondary copper smelter linings [J]. Corrosion Science, 2018, 136: 409-417

[8] XuL, ChenM, WangN, et al. . Chemical wear mechanism of magnesia-chromite refractory for an oxygen bottom-blown copper-smelting furnace: A post-mortem analysis [J]. Ceramics International, 2021, 47(2): 2908-2915

[9] HanJ W, JiaoF, LiuW, et al. . Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of spent MgO-Cr₂O₃ bricks: Copper flotation [J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2016, 4(10): 5503-5510

[10] XueK, HanJ W, JiaoF, et al. . Comprehensive utilization of spent magnesia-chrome refractories with gravity separation followed by flotation [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2018, 127: 125-133

[11] NAZIRIZADEH M, NAEFE H, EBERZ L, et al. Verfahren zur wiederaufarbeitung von bruch von magnesitchrom-oder chrommagnesitsteinen, nach dem verfahren wiederaufgearbeiteter bruch und dessen verwendung: Germany, DE3340849A1 [P]. 1985. (in German)

[12] FangH, SmithJ D, PeasleeK D. Study of spent refractory waste recycling from metal manufacturers in Missouri [J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 1999, 25(2): 111-124

[13] FerreiraG, López-SabirónA M, ArandaJ, et al. . Environmental analysis for identifying challenges to recover used reinforced refractories in industrial furnaces [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 88: 242-253

[14] HanagiriS, MatsuiT, ShimpoA, et al. . Recent improvement of recycling technology for refractories [J]. Nippon Steel Technical Report, 2008, 98: 93-98

[15] XueK, JiaoF, LiW, et al. . Using magnesium chloride to volatilize impurity metals from waste magnesia-chromium Refractories [J]. JOM, 2022, 74(4): 1350-1359

[16] BennettJ, KwongK S. Thermodynamic studies of MgO saturated EAF slag [J].. Ironmaking & Steelmaking, 2010, 37(7): 529-535

[17] KwongK S, BennettJ. Recycling practices of spent MgO-C refractories [J]. Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering, 2002, 1(2): 69-78

[18] XueK, LiW, JiaoF, et al. . Comprehensive recovery of valuable metals from spent magnesia-chrome refractories by ferric chloride-hydrochloride leaching [J]. Journal of Sustainable Metallurgy, 2021, 7(3): 898-907

[19] JiaoF, LiW, XueK, et al. . Recovery of chromium and magnesium from spent magnesia-chrome refractories by acid leaching combined with alkali precipitation and evaporation [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 227: 115705

[20] ZhouX, ChenY, YinJ, et al. . Leaching kinetics of cobalt from the scraps of spent aerospace magnetic materials [J]. Waste Management, 2018, 76663-670

[21] ValeevD, PankratovD, ShoppertA, et al. . Mechanism and kinetics of iron extraction from high silica boehmite-kaolinite bauxite by hydrochloric acid leaching [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2021, 31(10): 3128-3149

[22] LEE D, JOO S H, SHIN D J, et al. Recovery of Li from lithium aluminum silicate (LAS) glass-ceramics after heat treatment at 1000 °C and Ca salt-assisted water leaching in two stages before and after calcination at 600 °C [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2022, 211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105876.

[23] GuK, LiW, HanJ, et al. . Arsenic removal from lead-zinc smelter ash by NaOH-H₂O₂ leaching [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 209: 128-135

[24] WangH, ZhouA, GuoH, et al. . Kinetics of leaching lithium from lepidolite using mixture of hydrofluoric and sulfuric acid [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(1): 27-36

[25] WuL L, YangX Y, XuH, et al. . Kinetic study of high-pressure acid leaching of Mg and Ni from serpentine [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2022, 29(2): 410-419

[26] SHI C H, ZUO X M, YAN B. Selective recovery of nickel from stainless steel pickling sludge with NH₃- (NH₄)₂CO₃ leaching system [J]. Environmental Technology, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2022.2056085.

[27] LiuW, LiW H, HanJ W, et al. . Preparation of calcium stannate from lead refining slag by alkaline leaching-purification-causticization process [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2019, 212: 119-125

[28] ZhouJ F, ZhaoJ H, YangF, et al. . Leaching kinetics of potassium and aluminum from phosphorus-potassium associated ore in HCl-CaF₂ system [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 253117528

[29] PengH, GuoJ, ZhengX, et al. . Leaching kinetics of vanadium from calcification roasting converter vanadium slag in acidic medium [J]. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2018, 6(4): 5119-5124

[30] BrahimJ A, HakS A, AchiouB, et al. . Kinetics and mechanisms of leaching of rare earth elements from secondary resources [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2022, 177107351

[31] LevenspielOChemical Reaction Engineering [M], 19963rd ed.New York, John Wiley and Sons Inc.

[32] ÖzdemirM, ÇakirD, Kipçakİ. Magnesium recovery from magnesite tailings by acid leaching and production of magnesium chloride hexahydrate from leaching solution by evaporation [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2009, 93(2): 209-212

[33] PengX Y, LiuW G, LiuW B, et al. . Fluorite enhanced magnesium recovery from serpentine tailings: Kinetics and reaction mechanisms [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2021, 201105571

[34] ShangH, GaoW C, WuB, et al. . Bioleaching and dissolution kinetics of pyrite, chalcocite and covellite [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28(7): 2037-2051

[35] RaschmanP, FedoročkováA. Study of inhibiting effect of acid concentration on the dissolution rate of magnesium oxide during the leaching of dead-burned magnesite [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2004, 71(3): 403-412 403–412