Preparation of high purity platinum nitrate using spent Pt-Rh catalyst from the production of nitric acid

Abstract

Preparation of high purity platinum nitrate using spent Pt-Rh catalyst from the production of nitric acid was studied, including separation of rhodium from aqua regia leaching solution, precipitation with ammonium chloride to obtain ammonium chloroplatinate precipitate, calcination of precipitate to obtain sponge platinum, dissolving with aqua regia and removing nitric acid to obtain chloroplatinic acid, precipitation with potassium chloride and reduction with potassium oxalate to obtain potassium chloroplatinite, hydrolysis with potassium hydroxide, removal of potassium and chloride, and neutralization with nitric acid. Effects of temperature, concentration, time and pH on the purity and yield of intermediate and final products were investigated and the suitable operating conditions were obtained. The yield of platinum nitrate is 94%, the mass fraction of Pt²⁺ in platinum nitrate is greater than 15%, and the mass fractions of Cl⁻ and K⁺ are far less than 0.005%. The reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of potassium chloroplatinate to potassium chloroplatinite was studied, and the reaction order is 1.39 for PtCl₆²⁻ and 1.55 for C₂O₄²⁻, and the activation energy is 35.13 kJ/mol.

Keywords

platinum nitrate / preparation / utilization of wastes / reaction kinetics / reaction thermodynamics

References

[1] SelmiA, MascotM, JomniF, et al. . Investigation of interfacial dead layers parameters in Au/Ba_0.85Sr_0.15TiO₃/Pt capacitor devices [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2020, 826: 154048

[2] LiuX, DingS, ShigenobuS, et al. . Catalyst design of Pt/TiO₂ microsphere for benzene oxidation under microwave irradiation [J]. Catalysis Today, 2021, 376285-291

[3] LiaoW, FangX, CenB, et al. . Deep oxidation of propane over WO₃-promoted Pt/BN catalysts: The critical role of Pt-WO₃ interface [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2020, 272: 118858

[4] KimG J, ShinJ H, HongS C. Study on the role of Pt and Pd in Pt-Pd/TiO₂ bimetallic catalyst for H₂ oxidation at room temperature [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(35): 17276-17286

[5] TorrejosR E C, EscobarE C, HanJ W, et al. . Multidentate thia-crown ethers as hyper-crosslinked macroporous adsorbent resins for the efficient Pd/Pt recovery and separation from highly acidic spent automotive catalyst leachate [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2021, 424130379

[6] AktasS, MorcaliM H. Platinum recovery from dilute platinum solutions using activated carbon [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2011, 21(11): 2554-2558

[7] DuJ, YangX, DingJ, et al. . Carbon dioxide reforming of methane over bimetallic catalysts of Pt-Ru/γ-Al₂O₃ for thermochemical energy storage [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2013, 20(5): 1307-1313

[8] ZhaoS, WenY, LiuX, et al. . Formation of active oxygen species on single-atom Pt catalyst and promoted catalytic oxidation of toluene [J]. Nano Research, 2020, 13(6): 1544-1551

[9] JeongH, ShinM, JeongB, et al. . Comparison of activity and stability of supported Ni₂P and Pt catalysts in the hydroprocessing of palm oil into normal paraffins [J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2020, 83189-199

[10] YuanX, YueW, ZhangJ. Electrochemically exfoliated graphene as high-performance catalyst support to promote electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol on Pt catalysts [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2020, 27(9): 2515-2529

[11] ChenM, AvarmaaK, KlemettinenL, et al. . Recovery of precious metals (Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd) from urban mining through copper smelting [J]. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, 2020, 51(4): 1495-1508

[12] UtomoJ, KurniawanR, NuroniM S, et al. . Recovery of platinum from spent removing catalyst of Pt/Al₂O₃ by ultrasonic-assisted acid leaching [J]. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019, 515: 012052

[13] YamadaM, KanetaY, RajivG M, et al. . Recovery of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from leach liquors of automotive catalysts with calixarene-based di-n-alkylamino extractants in saturated hydrocarbon diluents [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2019, 184103-108

[14] IwataS, FurutaH, KanayamaM, et al. . Fabrication of a patterned Pt counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells using neutralized H₂PtCl₆·6H₂O paste [J]. Materials Today Communications, 2019, 18: 163-166

[15] LvY, LiX. PtCo/N-doped carbon sheets derived from a simple pyrolysis of graphene oxide/ZIF-67/H₂PtCl₆ composites as an efficient catalyst for methanol electro-oxidation [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(23): 12766-12776

[16] TopchiyanP A, VasilchenkoD B, BaidinaI A, et al. . Adducts of platinum(IV) nitrate complexes with 15-crown-5 ether [J]. Journal of Structural Chemistry, 2020, 61(9): 1422-1431

[17] DouD, LiuD, WilliamsonW B, et al. . Structure and chemical properties of Pt nitrate and application in three-way automotive emission catalysts [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 30(1–2): 11-24

[18] WU Wen-wei, ZHAO Hai-guang, HE Hong-Liang, et al. A method of ultrasonic synergetic preparation of platinum nitrate solution by molten salt method: CN, 110422893 [P]. 2019-11-08. (in Chinese)

[19] HuangL, DanaeiA, ThomasS, et al. . Solvent extraction of phosphorus from Si-Cu refining system with calcium addition [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2018, 204: 205-212

[20] YangG, WangH, ZhaoY, et al. . Study on recovering of platinum metals from recovery filter in nitric acid industry [J]. Precious Metals, 2019, 40(3): 39-42(in Chinese)

[21] PAN Jian-ming, WEI Xiao-juan, WEI Qing, et al. A method for preparing platinum nitrate: CN, 104310498 [P]. 2015-01-28. (in Chinese)

[22] ElfahamM M, MostafaA M, MwafyE A. The effect of reaction temperature on structural, optical and electrical properties of tunable ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by hydrothermal method [J]. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2021, 154: 110089

[23] JamesG SLange’s handbook of chemistry (16th) [M], 2005, New York, McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing

[24] SumardionoS, JosB, PudjihastutiI, et al. . Physicochemical properties of sago ozone oxidation: The effect of reaction time, acidity, and concentration of starch [J]. Foods, 2021, 10(6): 1309

[25] NguyenT T, LamM K, ChengY W, et al. . Reaction kinetic and thermodynamics studies for in-situ transesterification of wet microalgae paste to biodiesel [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2021, 169250-264

[26] HuS, ZhuJ, WuB, et al. . Green synthesis of ester base oil with high viscosity—Part II: Reaction kinetics study [J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2021, 16551-60

[27] WuS, GaoZ, XiaD, et al. . Effect of temperature on process and kinetic parameters of the hydrogen evolution reaction of X80 under CP [J]. Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, 2021, 68(3): 219-228