La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ-Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 composite electrodes as anodes in LaGaO₃-based direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract

Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells (DC-SOFCs) are promising, green, and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures. Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge. Herein we investigated the use of La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ-Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 (LSCM—GDC) composite electrodes as anodes for La_0.9Sr_0.1Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3−δ electrolyte-based DC-SOFCs, with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel The LSCM—GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm² at 800 °C and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm² after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM—GDC anode through wet impregnation The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized, and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied The above results indicate that LSCM—GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.

Keywords

direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells / anode material / La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ-Ce_0.8Gd_0.2O_1.9 composite electrodes / Ni nanoparticles

References

[1] GürT M. Critical review of carbon conversion in “carbon fuel cells” [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2013, 113(8): 6179-6206

[2] GiddeyS, BadwalS P S, KulkarniA, et al.. A comprehensive review of direct carbon fuel cell technology [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2012, 38(3): 360-399

[3] CaoD-X, SunY, WangG-L. Direct carbon fuel cell: Fundamentals and recent developments [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 167(2): 250-257

[4] JiangC-R, MaJ-J, CorreG, et al.. Challenges in developing direct carbon fuel cells [J]. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017, 46(10): 2889-2912

[5] CaoT-Y, HuangK, ShiY-X, et al.. Recent advances in high-temperature carbon-air fuel cells [J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2017, 10(2): 460-490

[6] HemmesK, CooperJ F, SelmanJ R. Recent insights concerning DCFC development: 1998–2012 [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(20): 8503-8513

[7] LiuJ, ZhouM-Y, ZhangY-P, et al.. Electrochemical oxidation of carbon at high temperature: Principles and applications [J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32(4): 4107-4117

[8] Ibarra-GonzalezP, RongB-G. A review of the current state of biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass using thermochemical conversion routes [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2019, 27(7): 1523-1535

[9] NakagawaN, IshidaM. Performance of an internal direct-oxidation carbon fuel cell and its evaluation by graphic exergy analysis [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 1988, 27(7): 1181-1185

[10] TangY-B, LiuJ. Effect of anode and Boudouard reaction catalysts on the performance of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2010, 35(20): 11188-11193

[11] ZhangL, XiaoJ, XieY-M, et al.. Behavior of strontium- and magnesium-doped gallate electrolyte in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 608: 272-277

[12] XieY-M, TangY-B, LiuJ. A verification of the reaction mechanism of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2013, 17(1): 121-127

[13] RadyA C, GiddeyS, KulkarniA, et al.. Direct carbon fuel cell operation on brown coal with a Ni-GDC-YSZ anode [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2015, 178: 721-731

[14] YuF-Y, ZhangY-P, YuL, et al.. All-solidstate direct carbon fuel cells with thin yttrium-stabilizedzirconia electrolyte supported on nickel and iron bimetal-based anodes [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(21): 9048-9058

[15] JangH, EomJ, JuH, et al.. Ameliorated performance in a direct carbon fuel cell using Sn mediator on Ni-YSZ anode surface [J]. Catalysis Today, 2016, 260: 158-164

[16] CaiW-Z, ZhouQ, XieY-M, et al.. A direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell operated on a plant derived biofuel with natural catalyst [J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 179: 1232-1241

[17] WuH, XiaoJ, ZengX-Y, et al.. A high performance direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell—A green pathway for brown coal utilization [J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 248: 679-687

[18] RadyA C, GiddeyS, KulkarniA, et al.. Direct carbon fuel cell operation on brown coal [J]. Applied Energy, 2014, 120: 56-64

[19] WuH, XiaoJ, HaoS-R, et al.. In-situ catalytic gasification of kelp-derived biochar as a fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2021, 865: 158922

[20] JiaoY, ZhaoJ-H, AnW-T, et al.. Structurally modified coal char as a fuel for solid oxide-based carbon fuel cells with improved performance [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 288106-114

[21] DudekM, TomczykP, SochaR, et al.. Use of ash-free “Hyper-coal” as a fuel for a direct carbon fuel cell with solid oxide electrolyte [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(23): 12386-12394

[22] BaiY-H, LiuY, TangY-B, et al.. Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell—A potential high performance battery [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2011, 36(15): 9189-9194

[23] WangX-Q, LiuJ, XieY-M, et al.. A high performance direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell stack for portable applications [J]. Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica, 2017, 33(8): 1614-1620

[24] XieY-M, XiaoJ, LiuQ-S, et al.. Highly efficient utilization of walnut shell biochar through a facile designed portable direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell stack [J]. Energy, 2021, 227: 120456

[25] XieY-M, CaiW-Z, XiaoJ, et al.. Electrochemical gas-electricity cogeneration through direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 2771-8

[26] WangC-Q, LüZ, LiJ-W, et al.. Efficient use of waste carton for power generation, tar and fertilizer through direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell [J]. Renewable Energy, 2020, 158: 410-420

[27] XieY-M, LuZ-B, MaC-C, et al.. Highperformance gas-electricity cogeneration using a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell fueled by biochar derived from camellia oleifera shells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(53): 29322-29330

[28] ShiH-G, LiQ-J, TanW-Y, et al.. Solid oxide fuel cells in combination with biomass gasification for electric power generation [J]. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 28(4): 1156-1161

[29] CaiW-Z, ZhouQ, XieY-M, et al.. A facile method of preparing Fe-loaded activated carbon fuel for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Fuel, 2015, 159: 887-893

[30] CaiW-Z, LiuJ, YuF-Y, et al.. A high performance direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell fueled by Ca-loaded activated carbon [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(33): 21167-21176

[31] WuY-Z, SuC, ZhangC-M, et al.. A new carbon fuel cell with high power output by integrating with in situ catalytic reverse Boudouard reaction [J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2009, 11(6): 1265-1268

[32] JiaoY, TianW-J, ChenH-L, et al.. In situ catalyzed Boudouard reaction of coal char for solid oxide-based carbon fuel cells with improved performance [J]. Applied Energy, 2015, 141: 200-208

[33] YuF-Y, HanT-T, WangY-S, et al.. Performance improvement of a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell via strontium-catalyzed carbon gasification [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(43): 23368-23377

[34] SkrzypkiewiczM, Lubarska-RadziejewskaI, JewulskiJ. The effect of Fe₂O₃ catalyst on direct carbon fuel cell performance [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2015, 40(38): 13090-13098

[35] MaM-J, YangX-X, QiaoJ-S, et al.. Progress and challenges of carbon-fueled solid oxide fuel cells anode [J]. Journal of Energy Chemistry, 2021, 56: 209-222

[36] YuF-Y, HanT-T, WangZ-G, et al.. Recent progress in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell: Advanced anode catalysts, diversified carbon fuels, and heat management [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46(5): 4283-4300

[37] TianY-T. Catalytic activity of Ni-YSZ composite as anode for methane oxidation in solid oxide fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 2019, 34: 1093-1106

[38] ShuL-N, SunarsoJ, HashimS S, et al.. Advanced perovskite anodes for solid oxide fuel cells: A review [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44(59): 31275-31304

[39] XiaoJ, DaH, YuF-Y, et al.. Characterization of symmetrical SrFe_0.75Mo_0.25O_3−δ electrodes in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2016, 688: 939-945

[40] ZhuX-B, LiY-Q, LüZ. Continuous conversion of biomass wastes in a La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ based carbonair battery [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(9): 5057-5062

[41] LiJ-W, WeiB, WangC-Q, et al.. High-performance and stable La_0.8Sr_0.2Fe_0.9Nb_0.1O_3−δanode for direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells fueled by activated carbon and corn straw derived carbon [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(27): 12358-12367

[42] CaiW-Z, ZhouM-Y, CaoD, et al.. Ni-doped A-site-deficient La_0.7Sr_0.3Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ perovskite as anode of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(41): 21873-21880

[43] CaiW-Z, CaoD, ZhouM-Y, et al.. Sulfur-tolerant Fe-doped La_0.3Sr_0.7TiO₃ perovskite as anode of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Energy, 2020, 211: 118958

[44] ChenX J, LiuQ L, KhorK A, et al.. High-performance (La, Sr)(Cr, Mn)O₃/(Gd, Ce)O₂-δ composite anode for direct oxidation of methane [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 165(1): 34-40

[45] HuangB, WangS R, LiuR Z, et al.. Performance of La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ perovskite-structure anode material at lanthanum gallate electrolyte for IT-SOFC running on ethanol fuel [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2007, 167(1): 39-46

[46] XuW-L, XuZ-F, ChenT-Y, et al.. Porous layered La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_0.2Fe_0.8O₃ perovskite with enhanced catalytic activities for oxygen reduction [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2021, 28(5): 1305-1315

[47] BuetaF R, ImperialJ F, CerveraR B. Structure and conductivity of NiO/YSZ composite prepared via modified glycine-nitrate process at varying sintering temperatures [J]. Ceramics International, 2017, 43(18): 16174-16177

[48] QiuQ-Y, ZhouM-Y, CaiW-Z, et al.. A comparative investigation on direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells operated with fuels of biochar derived from wheat straw, corncob, and bagasse [J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2019, 12156-63

[49] KimK J, ChoiS W, KimM Y, et al.. Fabrication characteristics of SOFC single cell with thin LSGM electrolyte via tape-casting and co-sintering [J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2016, 42: 69-74

[50] LiuX-J, DaH, ZhouY-C, et al.. Sc-substituted La_0.6Sr_0.4FeO_3−δ mixed conducting oxides as promising electrodes for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 246: 457-463

[51] CaiW-Z, LiuJ, XieY-M, et al.. An investigation on the kinetics of direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2016, 20(8): 2207-2216

[52] XiaoG-L, JinC, LiuQ, et al.. Ni modified ceramic anodes for solid oxide fuel cells [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2012, 201: 43-48

[53] ZhuX-B, LüZ, WeiB, et al.. Enhanced performance of solid oxide fuel cells with Ni/CeO₂ modified La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ anodes [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2009, 190(2): 326-330

[54] XingR-M, WangY-R, ZhuY-Q, et al.. Co-electrolysis of steam and CO₂ in a solid oxide electrolysis cell with La_0.75Sr_0.25Cr_0.5Mn_0.5O_3−δ-Cu ceramic composite electrode [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2015, 274: 260-264

[55] DudekM. On the utilization of coal samples in direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell technology [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2015, 271: 121-127