Hydraulic and thermal analysis of automatic transmission fluid in the presence of nano-particles and twisted tape: An experimental and numerical study

Abstract

In the present study, hydraulic and thermal behavior of an automatic transmission nano-fluid (ATNF) inside a tube with a twisted tape has been investigated. The heat transfer improvement and pressure drop of transmission oil for each of case of using twisted tape and nano-particles were also examined separately and compared with each other. The CuO nano-particles were used to prepare the ATNF. The effects of different Reynolds numbers and different mass fractions of nano-particle were investigated. The results showed that applying nano-particles and twisted tape simultaneously increases both the pressure drop and Nusselt number, on average by about 53% and 76%, respectively. By using a parameter, namely thermal performance index η, the effect of increasing heat transfer and pressure drop was studied simultaneously. The heat transfer improvement predominates the pressure drop increment in all cases. It was observed that the highest thermal performance of 1.9 was obtained at Re=634 and ϕ =2%. Furthermore, regarding the increment of the Nu number, it was shown that the use of twisted tapes individually could increase the average Nu number by 41%, while the max increment arising from individual use of 2% nano-particles is 13%, so using twisted tape is a more effective-technique for this case study.

Keywords

automatic transmission fluid (ATF) / nanofluid / twisted tape / heat transfer / thermal performance

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