Fracture evolution and localization effect of damage in rock based on wave velocity imaging technology

Abstract

By utilizing wave velocity imaging technology, the uniaxial multi-stage loading test was conducted on siltstone to attain wave velocity imagings during rock fracture. Based on the time series parameters of acoustic emissions (AE), joint response characteristics of the velocity field and AE during rock fracture were analyzed. Moreover, the localization effect of damage during rock fracture was explored by applying wave velocity imagings. The experimental result showed that the wave velocity imagings enable three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of the extent and spatial position of damage to the rock. A damaged zone has a low wave velocity and a zone where the low wave velocity is concentrated tends to correspond to a severely damaged zone. AE parameters and wave velocity imagings depict the changes in activity of cracks during rock fracture from temporal and spatial perspectives, respectively: the activity of cracks is strengthened, and the rate of AE events increases during rock fracture; correspondingly, the low-velocity zones are gradually aggregated and their area gradually increases. From the wave velocity imagings, the damaged zones in rock were divided into an initially damaged zone, a progressively damaged zone, and a fractured zone. During rock fracture, the progressively damaged zone and the fractured zone both develop around the initially damaged zone, showing a typical localization effect of the damage. By capturing the spatial development trends of the progressively damaged zone and fractured zone in wave velocity imagings, the development of microfractures can be predicted, exerting practical significance for determining the position of the main fracture.

Keywords

rock mechanics / acoustic emission (AE) / wave velocity imaging technology / tempo-spatial evolution characteristics / localization effect of damage

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