Tunable left-hand characteristics in multi-nested square-split-ring enabled metamaterials

Abstract

Left-hand materials have drawn increasing attention from many disciplines and found widespread application, especially in microwave engineering. A sandwiched metamaterial consisting of multi-nested square-split-ring resonators on the top side and a set of wires on the back side is proposed. Scattering parameters are retrieved by high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software based on the finite element method. Effects of square-split-ring number on the left-hand characteristics containing negative values of permittivity, permeability, and refractive index have been intensively investigated. Simulated results show that obvious resonant left-hand characteristics could be observed within 8–18 GHz, and the resonant frequency counts are inclined to be in direct proportion to the square-split-ring number over 8–18 GHz. Besides, the proposed sandwiched metamaterial with three square-split-ring resonators and three wires presents the widest frequency band of left-hand characteristics in a range of 8–18 GHz. Further, electromagnetic field distributions demonstrated that the induced magnetic dipole dominates the resonant absorption. The multi-peak resonance characteristics of square-split-ring resonant structure are considered to be a promising candidate for selective-frequency absorption or modulation toward microwave frequency band.

Keywords

metamaterial / square-split-ring / negative permittivity / induced magnetic dipole

References

[1] LiL-l, CuiT-j. Information metamaterials—From effective media to real-time information processing systems [J]. Nanophotonics, 2019, 8(5): 703-724

[2] LIU Bo, SONG Ke-rui, XIAO Jiang-nan. Two-dimensional optical metasurfaces: From plasmons to dielectrics [J]. Advances in Condensed Matter Physics, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2329168.

[3] CuiT-j, LiuS, ZhangL. Information metamaterials and metasurfaces [J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2017, 5(15): 3644-3668

[4] AshrafF B, AlamT, IslamM T. A printed Xi-shaped left-handed metamaterial on low-cost flexible photo paper [J]. Materials, 2017, 10(7): 752-760

[5] SunX-c, JiaH, ZhangZ, YangY-z, SunZ-y, YangJ. Sound localization and separation in three-dimensional space using a single microphone with a metamaterial enclosure [J]. Advanced Science, 2020, 7(3): 1902271

[6] JiJ-z, JiangJ-x, ChenG-x, LiuF-l, MaY-p. Research on monostatic and bistatic RCS of cloaking based on coordinate transformation [J]. Optik, 2018, 1: 117-123

[7] WuD M, SolomonM L, NaikG V, Garcia-EtxarriA, LawrenceM, SalleoA, DionneJ A. Chemically responsive elastomers exhibiting unity-order refractive index modulation [J]. Advanced Materials, 2018, 30(7): 1703912

[8] AmmariH, WuW, YuS. Double-negative electromagnetic metamaterials due to chirality [J]. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 2018, 771105-130

[9] AlA, EnghetaN. Anomalies of subdiffractive guided wave propagation along metamaterial nanocomponents [J]. Radio Science, 2007, 42(6): 1-9

[10] BurgniesL, Lheurette, LippensD. Textile inspired flexible metamaterial with negative refractive index [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2015, 117(14): 144506

[11] ZhangL, LiuS, CuiT-j. Theory and application of coding metamaterials [J]. Chinese Optics, 2017, 1011-12

[12] SmithD R, PadillaW J, VierD C, Nemat-NasserS C, SchultzS. Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(18): 4184-4187

[13] AydinK, GuvenK, KafesakiM, ZhangL, SoukoulisC M, OzbayE. Experimental observation of true left-handed transmission peaks in metamaterials [J]. Optics Letters, 2004, 29(22): 2623-2625

[14] ZhaoY-h, NawazA A, LinS C S, HaoQ-z, KiralyB, HuangT J. Nanoscale super-resolution imaging via a metal-dielectric metamaterial lens system [J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2011, 44(41): 415101

[15] UpputuriP K, PramanikM. Microsphere-aided optical microscopy and its applications for super-resolution imaging [J]. Optics Communications, 2017, 132-41

[16] XuH, LiH-j, HeZ-h, ChenZ-q, ZhengM-f, ZhaoM-z. Theoretical analysis of optical properties and sensing in a dual-layer asymmetric metamaterial [J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 1250-254

[17] LandyN I, SajuyigbeS, MockJ J, SmithD R, PadillaW J. Perfect metamaterial absorber [J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2008, 100(20): 207402

[18] HeL-h, DengL-w, LuoH, HeJ, LiY-h, XuY-c, HuangS-x. Broadband microwave absorption properties of polyurethane foam absorber optimized by sandwiched cross-shaped metamaterial [J]. Chinese Physics B, 2018, 2712127801

[19] HeL-h, DengL-w, LiY-h, LuoH, HeJ, HuangS-x, ChenH. Wide-angle microwave absorption performance of polyurethane foams combined with cross-shaped metamaterial absorber [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1: 769-776

[20] HuangH-l, XiaH, GuoZ-b, HuangS-x, LiH-j, WuY-s. A polarization-independent and broadband microwave metamaterial absorber based on three-dimensional structure [J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2018, 65(13): 1521-1528

[21] HuangM-l, ChengY-z, ChengZ-z, ChenH-r, MaoX-s, GongR-z. Based on graphene tunable dual-band terahertz metamaterial absorber with wide-angle [J]. Optics Communications, 2018, 1194-201

[22] LiA-b, ZhaoX-g, DuanG-w, AndersonS, ZhangX. Metamaterials: Diatom frustule-inspired metamaterial absorbers: The effect of hierarchical pattern arrays [J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, 29(22): 1970151

[23] ZhangB-h, LiH-j, XuH, ZhaoM-z, XiongC-x, LiuC, WuK. Absorption and slow-light analysis based on tunable plasmon-induced transparency in patterned graphene metamaterial [J]. Optics Express, 2019, 2733598-3608

[24] AmanatiadisS A, KaramanosT D, KantartzisN V. Radiation efficiency enhancement of graphene THz antennas utilizing metamaterial substrates [J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2017, 1: 2054-2057

[25] SchurigD, MockJ J, JusticeB J, CummerS A, PendryJ B, StarrA F, SmithD R. Metamaterial electromagnetic cloak at microwave frequencies [J]. Science, 2006, 314(5801): 977-80

[26] ZhangF-l, LiC, FanY-c, YangR-s, ShenN-h, FuQ-h, ZhangW-h, ZhaoQ, ZhouJ, KoschnyT, SoukoulisC M. Phase-modulated scattering manipulation for exterior cloaking in metal-dielectric hybrid metamaterials [J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(39): 1903206

[27] LinY-s, LiaoS-q, LiuX-y, TongY-l, XuZ-f, XuR-j, YaoD-y, YuY-b. Tunable terahertz metamaterial by using three-dimensional double split-ring resonators [J]. Optics & Laser Technology, 2019, 1215-221

[28] XuH, ZhaoM-z, ChenZ-q, ZhengM-f, XiongC-x, ZhangB-h, LiH-j. Sensing analysis based on tunable Fano resonance in terahertz graphene-layered metamaterials [J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 123(20): 203103

[29] XuH, XiongC-x, ChenZ-q, ZhengM-f, ZhaoM-z, ZhangB-h, LiH-j. Dynamic plasmon-induced transparency modulator and excellent absorber-based terahertz planar graphene metamaterial [J]. Journal of the Optical Society of America B-Optical Physics, 2018, 3561463-1468

[30] XuH, LiH-j, ChenZ-q, ZhengM-f, ZhaoM-z, XiongC-x, ZhangB-h. Novel tunable terahertz graphene metamaterial with an ultrahigh group index over a broad bandwidth [J]. Applied Physics Express, 2018, 11(4): 042003

[31] LiD, HuangH-l, XiaH, ZengJ-p, LiH-j, XieD. Temperature-dependent tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber for the application of light modulator [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 1659-664

[32] Vishal SorathiyaV D. Numerical study of a high negative refractive index based tunable metamaterial structure by graphene split ring resonator for far infrared frequency [J]. Optics Communications, 2020, 1124581

[33] ChenT-y, TangW-x, MuJ, CuiT-j. Microwave metamaterials [J]. Annalen Der Physik, 2019, 531(8): 1800445

[34] HuangH-l, XiaH, XianW-k, GuoZ-b, LiH-j. Design of a size-efficient tunable metamaterial absorber based on leaf-shaped cell at near-infrared regions [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 11310-1316

[35] LeiK, DidierL. Mie resonance based left-handed metamaterial in the visible frequency range [J]. Physical Review B, 2011, 83(19): 195125

[36] XiongY-j, WangY, WangQ, WangC-q, HuangX-z, ZhangF, ZhouD. Structural broadband absorbing metamaterial based on three-dimensional printing technology [J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 678084202(in Chinese)

[37] WuL, YangZ-y, ZhaoM, ZhengY, DuanJ-a, YuanX-h. Polarization-insensitive resonances with high quality-factors in meta-molecule metamaterials [J]. Optics Express, 2014, 221214588-14593

[38] TangW-x, CuiT-j. The engineering way from spoof surface plasmon polaritons to radiations [J]. EPJ Applied Metamaterials, 2019, 19

[39] LiuS, CuiT-j. Concepts, working principles, and applications of coding and programmable metamaterials [J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2017, 5(22): 1700624

[40] ParazzoliC G, GreegorR B, LiK, KoltenbahB E, TanielianM. Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell’s law [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2003, 9010107401

[41] ShelbyR A, SmithD R, SchultzS. Experimental verification of a negative index of refraction [J]. Science, 2001, 292551477-79

[42] HindyM A, ElsagheerR M, YasseenM S. Experimental retrieval of the negative parameters “permittivity and permeability” based on a circular split ring resonator (CSRR) left handed metamaterial [J]. Journal of Electrical Systems and Information Technology, 2018, 5(2): 208-215

[43] SmithD R, VierD C, KoschnyT, SoukoulisC M. Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials [J]. Physical Review E: Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, 2005, 71(3): 036617

[44] HuangH-l, XiaH, XieW-k, GuoZ-b, LiH-j. Design of a size-efficient tunable metamaterial absorber based on leaf-shaped cell at near-infrared regions [J]. Results in Physics, 2018, 11310-1316

[45] ChengY-z, GongR-z, WuL. Ultra-broadband linear polarization conversion via diode-like asymmetric transmission with composite metamaterial for terahertz waves [J]. Plasmonics, 2017, 12(4): 1113-1120

[46] XiaS-x, ZhaiX, HuangY, LiuJ-q, WangL-l, WenS-c. Multi-band perfect plasmonic absorptions using rectangular graphene gratings [J]. Optics letters, 2017, 42(15): 3052-3055