Influence of abrasive hardness on erosion wear of abrasive air jets

Abstract

To make clear the influence of abrasive hardness on the erosion effect, the erosion experiments of abrasive air jet with the same impact energy were carried out. The influence of abrasive hardness on the erosion effect is clarified by comparing the different erosion depths. The main conclusions are as follows. Under the same mass flow rate and mesh number, the abrasive with a higher density needs greater pressure irrespective of hardness. After erosion damage, the abrasive size exhibits a Weibull distribution. The shape parameter β and Weibull distribution function of four types of abrasives are derived by the least squares method; moreover, β is found to have a quadratic relation with abrasive hardness. The results of the erosion experiments show that abrasive hardness and erosion depth are quadratically related. By calculating the increase in surface energy after abrasive erosion crushing, it is found that abrasive hardness has a quadratic relation with surface energy and that the increases in erosion depth and surface energy consumption are basically identical. In conclusion, the effect is a soft abrasive impact when the ratio of abrasive hardness (H_a) to the material hardness (H_m) is <2.6, and it is a hard abrasive impact when H_a/H_m >3.

Keywords

abrasive air jet / abrasive hardness / rock erosion / abrasive size distribution / coal bed methane

References

[1] LuY-y, LiuY, LiX-h, KangYong. A new method of drilling long boreholes in low permeability coal by improving its permeability [J]. International Journal of Coal Geology, 2010, 84(2): 94-102

[2] LiuY, XiaB-w, LiuX-tian. A novel method of orienting hydraulic fractures in coal mines and its mechanism of intensified conduction [J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 27: 190-199

[3] FangJ, WangY-b, GaoD-li. On the collapse resistance of multilayer cemented casing in directional well under anisotropic formation [J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 26: 409-418

[4] LiuC, ZhouF-b, YangK-kang. Failure analysis of borehole liners in soft coal seam for gas drainage [J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2014, 42: 274-283

[5] LuY-y, HuangF, LiuX-c, AoXiang. On the failure pattern of sandstone impacted by high-velocity water jet [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 76: 67-74

[6] FanJ M, WangC Y, WangJ. Modelling the erosion rate in micro abrasive air jet machining of glasses [J]. Wear, 2009, 266(9): 968-974

[7] HejjajiA, ZitouneR, CrouzeixL, Le, RouxS, CollombetF. Surface and machining induced damage characterization of abrasive water jet milled carbon/epoxy composite specimens and their impact on tensile behavior [J]. Wear, 2017, 376-3: 1356-1364

[8] JafarR H M, NouraeiH, EmamifarM, PapiniM, SpeltJ K. Erosion modeling in abrasive slurry jet micro-machining of brittle materials [J]. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2015, 17(1): 127-140

[9] KaliazineA, EslamianM, TranH N. On the failure of a brittle material by high velocity gas jet impact [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2010, 37(2): 131-140

[10] LiuY, ZhangJ, WeiJ-p, LiuX-tian. Optimum structure of a laval nozzle for an abrasive air jet based on nozzle pressure ratio [J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 364(3): 343-362

[11] WenZ-h, LiuYong. Experimental research into the effects of abrasive characteristics on abrasive gas jet coal-breaking performance [J]. International Journal of Heat and Technology, 2017, 35: 32-36

[12] HuangF, LiS-q, ZhaoY-l, LiuYong. Study on lateral jetting range during an arc-curved jet impacting nonplanar solid surfaces [J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering-Transactions of the Asme, 2018, 140(10): 101201

[13] ChenS-k, YangT-h, RanjithP G, WeiC-hui. Mechanism of the two-phase flow model for water and gas based on adsorption and desorption in fractured coal and rock [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 503571-586

[14] SunJ-l, LiuC-x, TianJ, FengB-fu. Erosion behavior of B4C based ceramic nozzles by abrasive air-jet [J]. Ceramics International, 2012, 38(8): 6599-6605

[15] EslamianM, PophaliA, BussmannM, TranH N. Breakup of brittle deposits by supersonic air jet: The effects of varying jet and deposit characteristics [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2009, 36(2): 199-209

[16] PetasyukG A. System and criterial method of the identification and quantitative estimation of the geometrical shape of the abrasive powder grain projection [J]. Powder Technology, 2014, 264: 78-85

[17] FowlerG, PashbyI R, ShipwayP H. The effect of particle hardness and shape when abrasive water jet milling titanium alloy Ti6Al4V [J]. Wear, 2009, 266(7): 613-620

[18] TrevisiolC, JouraniA, BouvierS. Effect of hardness, microstructure, normal load and abrasive size on friction and on wear behaviour of 35NCD16 steel [J]. Wear, 2017, 388-3: 101-111

[19] BabuP S, BasuB, SundararajanG. The influence of erodent hardness on the erosion behavior of detonation sprayed WC-12Co coatings [J]. Wear, 2011, 270(11): 903-91

[20] OrecnyM, BursakM, SebekM, FalatL. Influence of hardness, matrix and carbides in combination with nitridation on abrasive wear resistance of X210Cr12 tool steel [J]. Metals, 2016, 6(10): 236

[21] AponteR D, TeranL A, LadinoJ A, LarrahondoF, CoronadoJ J, RodriguezS A. Computational study of the particle size effect on a jet erosion wear device [J]. Wear, 2017, 374-3: 97-103

[22] LiH Z, LeeA, FanJ, YeohG H, WangJ. On DEM-CFD study of the dynamic characteristics of high speed micro-abrasive air jet [J]. Powder Technology, 2014, 267161-179

[23] BahadurS, BadruddinR. Erodent particle characterization and the effect of particle size and shape on erosion [J]. Wear, 1990, 138(12): 189-208

[24] ArabnejadH, MansouriA, ShiraziS A, MclauryB S. Abrasion erosion modeling in particulate flow [J]. Wear, 2017, 376-3: 1194-1199

[25] TillyG P. A two stage mechanism of ductile erosion [J]. Wear, 1973, 23(1): 87-96

[26] KhruschovM M. Principles of abrasive wear [J]. Wear, 1974, 28(1): 69-88

[27] GaitanarosS, KyriakidesS. On the effect of relative density on the crushing and energy absorption of open-cell foams under impact [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2015, 82: 3-13

[28] JunkarM, JurisevicB, FajdigaM, GrahM. Finite element analysis of single-particle impact in abrasive water jet machining [J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2006, 32(7): 1095-1112

[29] FanJ M, WangC Y, WangJ. Modelling the erosion rate in micro abrasive air jet machining of glasses [J]. Wear, 2009, 266(9): 968-974

[30] LongX-p, RuanX-f, LiuQ, ChenZ-w, XueS-x, WuZ-quan. Numerical investigation on the internal flow and the particle movement in the abrasive waterjet nozzle [J]. Powder Technology, 2017, 314: 635-640

[31] KoutsourakisN, BartzisJ G, MarkatosN C. Evaluation of reynolds stress, k-epsilon and RNG k-epsilon turbulence models in street canyon flows using various experimental datasets [J]. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 2012, 12(4): 379-403

[32] XuY-f, SongD-q, ChuF-fei. Approach to the Weibull modulus based on fractal fragmentation of particles [J]. Powder Technology, 2016, 292: 99-107

[33] BrouwersH J H. Packing fraction of particles with a Weibull size distribution [J]. Physical Review E, 2016, 94(1): 012905

[34] LiuY, ZhangT, LiuX-tian. Analysis of the stress wave effect during coal breakage by a high-pressure abrasive air jet [J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 1061-11

[35] LiuY, ZhangH-d, RanjithP G, WeiJ-p, LiuX-tian. Wear mechanism of abrasive gas jet erosion on a rock and the effect of abrasive hardness on it [J]. Geofluids, 2019, 2019: 1-14

[36] RanjithP G, LiuY, WeiJ-p, LiuX-tian. Effect of abrasive mass flow on the abrasive acceleration and erosion rates of abrasive gas jets [J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019, 52: 3085-3102

[37] LiuY, ZhangJ, ZhangT, ZhangH-dong. Optimal nozzle structure for an abrasive gas jet for rock breakage [J]. Geofluids, 2018, 2018: 1-14

[38] LiX-b, WangS-m, WengL, HuangL-q, ZhouT, ZhouJian. Damage constitutive model of different age concretes under impact load [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2015, 22(2): 693-700

[39] LiuX-l, LiX-b, HongL, YinT-b, RaoMing. Acoustic emission characteristics of rock under impact loading [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2015, 22(9): 3571-3577

[40] LiuK-w, LiX-h, LiX-b, YaoZ-h, ShuZ-x, YuanM-hua. Characteristics and mechanisms of strain waves generated in rock by cylindrical explosive charges [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23(11): 2951-2957

[41] YinT-b, WangP, LiX-b, ShuR-h, YeZ-yuan. Effects of thermal treatment on physical and mechanical characteristics of coal rock [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23(9): 2336-2345

[42] JuY, YangY-m, MaoY-z, LiuH-b, WangH-jie. Laboratory investigation on mechanisms of stress wave propagations in porous media [J]. Science in China Series E-Technological Sciences, 2009, 52: 1374-1389

[43] JuY, WangH-j, YangY-m, HuQ-a, PengR-dong. Numerical simulation of mechanisms of deformation, failure and energy dissipation in porous rock media subjected to wave stresses [J]. Science China-Technological Sciences, 2010, 53: 1098-1113

[44] JuY, SudakL, XieH-ping. Study on stress wave propagation in fractured rocks with fractal joint surfaces [J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2007, 44(13): 4256-4271

[45] GaoZ-y, SunW, HuY-hua. Mineral cleavage nature and surface energy: Anisotropic surface broken bonds consideration [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2014, 24(9): 2930-2937

[46] JiangX-b, XiaoB-b, GuX-y, ZhangX-hua. Modeling the effects of size and surface broken bond on surface energy of nanocrystals [J]. Thin Solid Films, 2017, 640: 67-72

[47] StagonasD, WarbrickD, MullerG, MagagnaD. Surface tension effects on energy dissipation by small scale, experimental breaking waves [J]. Coastal Engineering, 2011, 58(9): 826-836

[48] PociusA V, DillardD A. Adhesion science and engineering: surfaces, chemistry and applications [M]. Elsevier, 2002

[49] MyshkinN, KovalevA. Adhesion and surface forces in polymer tribology—A review [J]. Friction, 2018, 6(2): 143-155