Recovery of Zn, Pb, Fe and Si from a low-grade mining ore by sulfidation roasting-beneficiation-leaching processes

Abstract

To recover Zn, Pb, Fe and Si from a low-grade mining ore in the Lanping basin, Yunnan Province, China, a novel technology using the roasting with pyrite and carbon followed by beneficiation and hydrochloric acid leaching was proposed. Firstly, several factors such as pyrite dosage, roasting temperature, carbon powder dosage, holding time and particle size affecting on the flotation performance of Zn (Pb) and magnetic separation performance of Fe were simultaneously examined and the optimum process parameters were determined. A flotation concentrate, containing 17.46% Zn and 3.93% Pb, was obtained, and the Zn and Pb recoveries were 86.04% and 69.08%, respectively. The obtained flotation tailing was concentrated by a low-intensity magnetic separator. The grade of iron increased from 5.45% to 43.45% and the recovery of iron reached 64.87%. Hydrochloric acid leaching was then carried out for the magnetic separation tailing and a raw quartz concentrate containing 81.05% SiO₂ was obtained. To further interpret the sulfidation mechanism of smithsonite, surface morphology and component of the sample before and after reactions were characterized by XRD and EPMA-EDS. The aim was to achieve the comprehensive utilization of the low-grade mining ore.

Keywords

low-grade mining ore / comprehensive recovery / sulfidation roasting / flotation / magnetic separation / leaching

References

[1] ZawK, PetersS G, CromieP, BurrettC, HouZ-q. Nature, diversity of deposit types and metallogenic relations of South China [J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2007, 31(1): 3-47

[2] TangY-y, BiX-w, FayekM, HuR-z, WuL-y, ZouZ-c, FengC-x, WangX-s. Microscale sulfur isotopic compositions of sulfide minerals from the Jinding Zn-Pb deposit, Yunnan Province, Southwest China [J]. Gondwana Research, 2014, 26(2): 594-607

[3] China United Business Daily. Lead zinc mine in Asia: The world-class technical problem of development has been solved [EB/OL] [2015-06-10]. http://news.hexun.com/2015-06-10/176628271.html.

[4] ZhangJ-r, WenH-j, QiuY-z, ZhangY-x, LiC. Ages of sediment-hosted Himalayan Pb—Zn—Cu—Ag polymetallic deposits in the Lanping basin, China: Re—Os geochronology of molybdenite and Sm—Nd dating of calcite [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 73: 284-295

[5] EjtemaeiM, IrannajadM, GharabaghiM. Influence of important factors on flotation of zinc oxide mineral using cationic, anionic and mixed (cationic/anionic) collectors [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2011, 24(13): 1402-1408

[6] KiersznickiT, MajewskiJ, MzykJ. 5-alkylsalicylal-doximes as collectors in flotation of sphalerite, smithsonite and dolomite in a Hallimond tube [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 1981, 7(4): 311-318

[7] WillsBarry A., FinchJames A.. Froth Flotation. Wills' Mineral Processing Technology, 2016265380

[8] LanZ-y, LiD-f, LiuQ-j, TongX. Study on flotation of lead-zinc oxide ore from Yunnan [J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2013, 807–809: 2317-2322

[9] HosseiniS H, ForssbergE. Studies on selective flotation of smithsonite from silicate minerals using mercaptans and one stage desliming [J]. Mineral Processing & Extractive Metallurgy, 2011, 120(2): 79-84

[10] HosseiniS H, ForssbergE. Adsorption studies of smithsonite flotation using dodecylamine and oleic acid [J]. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, 2006, 23(2): 87-96

[11] ÖnalG, BulutG, GülA, KangalO, PerekK T, ArslanF. Flotation of Aladag oxide lead—zinc ores [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2005, 18(2): 279-282

[12] WuD-d, MaW-h, WenS-m, BaiS-j, DengJ-s, YinQ. Contribution of ammonium ions to sulfidation-flotation of smithsonite [J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2017, 78: 20-26

[13] WangJ, LuJ-f, ZhangQ-w, SatioF. Mechanochemical sulfidization of nonferrous metal oxides by grinding with sulfur and iron [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2003, 42(23): 5813-5818

[14] LiangY-j, ChaiL-y, MinX-b, TangC-j, ZhangH-j, KeY, XieX-d. Hydrothermal sulfidation and floatation treatment of heavy-metal-containing sludge for recovery and stabilization [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2012, 217–218: 307-314

[15] LiY, WangJ-k, WeiC, LiuC-x, JiangJ-b, WangF. Sulfidation roasting of low grade lead—zinc oxide ore with elemental sulfur [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2010, 23(7): 563-566

[16] ZhengY-x, LiuW, QinW-q, JiaoF, HanJ-w, YangK, LuoH-l. Sulfidation roasting of lead and zinc carbonate with sulphur by temperature gradient method [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2015, 22(5): 1635-1642

[17] HanJ-w, LiuW, ZhangT-f, XueK, LiW-h, JiaoF, QinW-q. Mechanism study on the sulfidation of ZnO with sulfur and iron oxide at high temperature [J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 42536

[18] XueC-j, ZengR, LiuS-w, ChiG-x, QingH-r, ChenY-c, YangJ-m, WangD-h. Geologic, fluid inclusion and isotopic characteristics of the Jinding Zn—Pb deposit, western Yunnan, South China: A review [J]. Ore Geology Reviews, 2007, 31(1): 337-359

[19] ZhengY-x, LvJ-f, LiuW, QinW-q, WenS-m. An innovative technology for recovery of zinc, lead and silver from zinc leaching residue [J]. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing, 2016, 52(2): 943-954

[20] ZhengY-x, LiuW, QinW-q, LuoH-l, HanJ-w. Mineralogical reconstruction of lead smelter slag for zinc recovery [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2014, 49(5): 783-791

[21] LvJ-f, ZhangH-p, TongX, FanC-l, YangW-t, ZhengY-x. Innovative methodology for recovering titanium and chromium from a raw ilmenite concentrate by magnetic separation after modifying magnetic properties [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2017, 325251-260

[22] LiC, SunH-h, BaiJ, LiL-t. Innovative methodology for comprehensive utilization of iron ore tailings: Part 1. The recovery of iron from iron ore tailings using magnetic separation after magnetizing roasting [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 174(1–3): 71-77

[23] BiyouneM G, AtbirA, BariH, HassnaouiL, MongachE, KhadirA, BoukbirL, BellajrouR, ElhadekM. Remineralization of permeate water by calcite bed in the Daoura’s plant (south of Morocco) [J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 2017, 226(5): 931-941

[24] GireeshV S, VinodV P, KrishnanN S, NinanG. Catalytic leaching of ilmenite using hydrochloric acid: A kinetic approach [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2015, 134: 36-40

[25] ZhengY X, LiuW, QinW Q, HanJ W, YangK, WangD W. Improvement for sulphidation roasting and its application to treat lead smelter slag and zinc recovery [J]. Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2015, 54(1): 92-100

[26] HanJ-w, LiuW, QinW-q, PengB, YangK, ZhengY-x. Recovery of zinc and iron from high iron-bearing zinc calcine by selective reduction roasting [J]. Journal of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 2015, 22(2): 272-279

[27] LiuH-q, WeiG-x, ZhangR. Removal of carbon constituents from hospital solid waste incinerator fly ash by column flotation [J]. Waste Management, 2013, 33(1): 168-174

[28] WangL, SunW, ZhangQ-p. Recovery of vanadium and carbon from low-grade stone coal by flotation [J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, 25(11): 3767-3773

[29] KienkoL A, VoronovaO V. Selective flotation of fine-ingrained carbonate-fluorite ore in pulp of increased dispersion uniformity [J]. Journal of Mining Science, 2014, 50(1): 176-181

[30] MehdiloA, IrannajadM, ZareiH. Smithsonite flotation from zinc oxide ore using alkyl amine acetate collectors [J]. Separation Science and Technology, 2014, 49(3): 445-457

[31] HuangJ-x, ChenM-j, ChenH-y, ChenS, SunQ. Leaching behavior of copper from waste printed circuit boards with Brønsted acidic ionic liquid [J]. Waste Management, 2014, 34(2): 483-488

[32] ZhouF, WangL-x, XuZ-h, RuanY-y, ZhangZ-y, ChiR. Role of reactive oily bubble in apatite flotation [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2017, 513: 11-19

[33] GuiX-h, XingY-w, RongG-q, CaoY-j, LiuJ-t. Interaction forces between coal and kaolinite particles measured by atomic force microscopy [J]. Powder Technology, 2016, 301: 349-355

[34] LvJ-f, TongX, ZhengY-x, XieX, WangC-b. Study on the surface sulfidization behavior of smithsonite at high temperature [J]. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 437: 13-18