Microstructure and mechanical properties of three kinds of titanium alloys by SPS

Abstract

High-density titanium alloys with different grains were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 900 °C and 15 MPa using spherical powder generated by the plasma rotating electrode process (PREP) and nonspherical powders generated by hydrogenation-dehydrogenation (HDH) and molten salt electrolysis (MSE) as raw materials. Studies have shown that the PREP sample is a dense lamellar α structure and that the sample is clean. The microstructure of the HDH sample is composed of equiaxed a and lamellar α structures, and there are many flaws on the surface of the sample. The MSE samples are composed of α lamellar and coarse equiaxed crystals. The integral grain size is bulky, there are many irregular pores in the samples, and the samples are not clean. Of the three samples, the HDH sample has the largest compressive strength (526.85 MPa) and hardness (HV 293.1) but poor plasticity (compression strain is 26.61%); the compressive strengths of the PREP and MSE samples are 268.47 and 251.23 MPa, the compressive strains are 45.08% and 17.44%, and the microhardness values are HV138.6 and HV203.4, respectively.

Keywords

titanium powders / spark plasma sintering / microstructure / mechanical properties

References

[1] UesugiTokuteru, MyamaeSyo, TakigawaYorinobu, HigashiKenji. Alloying Effects of Transition Metals on Beta Phase Stability of Ti Alloys from First-Principles Calculations. Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Titanium, 2016, Hoboken, NJ, USA, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: 19191923

[2] WangH-f, PengS-m, ZhouX-s, ChengG-j, WangW-d, LongX-g, YangB-f. Primarily study on thermodesorption from titanium tritide films [J]. Atomic Energy Science and Technology, 2008, 42(1): 49-52(in Chinese)

[3] Busqué, Raquel, TorresR, GrauJ, RodaV, HusarA. Mathematical modeling, numerical simulation and experimental comparison of the desorption process in a metal hydride hydrogen storage system [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2018, 43(35): 16929-16940

[4] ShenH-h, PengS-m, LongX-g, XiangX, ZhouX-s, YangL, ZuX-t. Microstructure changes of erbium and erbium deuteride films induced by helium implantation [J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 80(8): 17-19

[5] FlanaganT B, WangD, LuoS. Thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption (desorption) in unoxidized and internally oxidized Pd—Ti alloys [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 701(4): 981-992

[6] ZarebskiK, PutyraP. Iron powder-based graded products sintered by conventional method and by SPS [J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2015, 26(2): 401-408

[7] ParaskevasD, VanmeenselK, VleugelsJ, DewulfW, DuflouJ R. The use of spark plasma sintering to fabricate a two-phase material from blended aluminum alloy scrap and gas atomized powder [J]. Procedia CIRP, 2015, 26: 455-460

[8] ZhaoK, LiuY, HuangL, LiuB, HeY-h. Diffusion bonding of Ti-45Al-7Nb-0.3W alloy by spark plasma sintering [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2016, 230(4): 272-279

[9] LiA, LiuS-f, WangB-j, ZhangZ-h, LiuQ-m. Developmental states of porous metal materials prepared by spark plasma sintering [J]. Powder Metallurgy Technology, 2017, 35(5): 378-383

[10] LiuL-m, HouZ-p, ZhangB-y, YeF, ZhangZ-g, ZhouY. A new heating route of spark plasma sintering and its effect on alumina ceramic densification [J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2013, 559(3): 462-466

[11] MonnierJ, ChampionY, PerriéreL, VilleroyB, GodartC. Spark plasma sintering and hydrogen pre-annealing of copper nanopowder [J]. Materials Science & Engineering A, 2015, 621(5): 61-67

[12] MarderR, EstournésC, ChevallierG, ChaimR. Plasma in spark plasma sintering of ceramic particle compacts [J]. Scripta Materialia, 2014, 82(7): 57-60

[13] PangH-c, LuoS-z, LongX-g, AnZ, LiuN, DuanY-m, WuX-c, YangB-f, WangP-l, ZhengS-x. Effects of substrate temperature on helium content and microstructure of nunnery stalling titanium films [J]. Chinese Physics Letters, 2006, 23(12): 3238-3241

[14] HuoD-x, LiangJ-l, LiH, XieS-s. Research progress on preparation of titanium metal [J]. Foundry Technology, 2017, 38(1): 4-7

[15] OhJ M, RohK M, LeeB K, SuhC Y, KimW, KwonH, LimJ W. Preparation of low oxygen content alloy powder from Ti binary alloy scrap by hydrogenation—dehydrogenation and deoxidation process [J]. Journal of Alloys & Compounds, 2014, 593(4): 61-66

[16] LiuS-l. A study of preparation of titanium metal by the electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide in molten salt [J]. Procedia Earth & Planetary Science, 2011, 2(1): 1-6

[17] ShenL, ChenG, ZhaoS-y, YinJ-o, TanP, LiZ-f, TangH-p, ZhouQ. Properties and microstructures of spherical NiTi powders prepared by plasma rotating electrode process [J]. Materials Science & Engineering of Powder Metallurgy, 2017, 22(4): 539-545