Safe utilization of chromium-bearing vanadate residue by recovery of vanadium and chromium based on calcium circulation

Abstract

A safe, economical treatment of hazardous chromium-bearing vanadate residue (CVR) will significantly benefit the clean production of chromate-bearing salts. This study investigated recovery of sodium vanadate and sodium chromate from CVR in sodium bicarbonate solution. Results indicate that the stability of calcium vanadate and calcium chromate depends on pH and [HCO₃^–]. CaV₂O₆·4H₂O transforms into CaV₂O₆·4H₂O, CaV₂O₆·2H₂O, CaV₂O₆, Ca₂V₂O₇·2H₂O, and Ca₅(VO₄)₃(OH) when pH increases from 7.51 to 12.32. Increasing pH and reducing CVR dosage improve the vanadate extraction rate, and high V₂O₅ and Na₂Cr₂O₇·2H₂O extraction rates are achieved in dilute NaHCO₃ solution. Moreover, addition of NaOH positively contributes to the recovery of vanadate and chromate from CVR. Over 95% V₂O₅ and Na₂Cr₂O₇·2H₂O in CVR can be extracted from 60 g/L NaHCO₃ and 30 g/L NaOH solutions at 90 °C for 2 h. In order to reduce the hazardous residue containing chromate after recovery of CVR, calcium circulation is presented. Results show that more than 60% lime can be saved with fresh residue addition to remove vanadate from sodium chromate solution due to the active CaCO₃. Moreover, no lime is required in removal of vanadate when the roasting residue is added. Therefore, a novel process is developed for utilization of CVR.

Keywords

chromium-bearing vanadate residue / NaHCO₃ / calcium vanadate / calcium chromate / sodium chromate / calcium circulation

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