Trace elements spatial distribution characteristics, risk assessment and potential source identification in surface water from Honghu Lake, China

Abstract

Five trace elements including Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and As were investigated in surface water from ten typical sampling sites in Honghu Lake. The consequence indicated that all of the detected trace element levels were within the allowed standard of China’s safe water guideline. The hazard quotients (HQ) and the hazard index (HI) value levels of all the five heavy metals in all sampling sites did not exceed the acceptable risk limits of non-carcinogenic value through the selected assessment method. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that Zn and Cu mainly originated from the natural alluviation and non-point agricultural sources, whereas Cr and As were mainly derived from industrial effluents. Moreover, Cd mainly originated from both non-point agricultural and industrial pollution sources. In addition, cluster analysis (CA) implied that cluster 1 (including S3, S5, S6 and S10) was considered the set of high pollution sites and cluster 2 (including S4 and S9) was identified as the set of moderate pollution sites.

Keywords

spatial distribution characteristic / risk assessment / source identification / trace elements / Honghu Lake

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