UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic disinfection and photoreactivation of pathogenic bacterium in municipal wastewater

Abstract

The disinfected bacteria will be a photoreactivation under the irradiation of the sunlight, and the light intensity plays an important role in the bacteria resurrection. The effect of light intensity on photoreactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) in secondary effluents which were disinfected respectively by pure UV and UV-TiO₂ was investigated. The results show that the disinfection efficiency of UV-TiO₂ is much higher than that of the pure UV disinfection. The photoreactivation rate of E. coli is much higher in pure UV disinfection than in UV-TiO₂ photocatalytic disinfection. Under high light intensity in UV-TiO₂ disinfection, high resurrection rate can be induced. However, a higher resurrection rate can be introduced even under low light intensity in pure UV disinfection alone. Meanwhile, UV-TiO₂ disinfection has a strong inhibition effect on E. faecalis photoreactivation. When the light intensity is lower than 21 μW/cm², nearly no resurrection of E. faecalis occurs after 72 h resurrection irradiation, and a little resurrection rate is observed only under a strong photoreactivating light intensity.

References

[1] Rajala-MustonenR L, ToivolaP S, Heinonen-TanskiH. Effects of peracetic acid and UV irradiation on the inactivation of coliphages in wastewater [J]. Water Science & Technology, 1997, 35(11/12): 237-241

[2] SanzE N, DàvilaI S, BalaoJ A A, AlonsoJ M Q. Modelling of reaction after UV disinfection: Effect of UV-C dose on subsequent photoreactivation and dark repair [J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(14): 3141-3151

[3] SakaiH, OgumaK, KatayamaH, OhgakiS. Effects of low or medium-pressure UV irradiation on the release of intracellular microcystin [J]. Water Research, 2007, 41(15): 3458-3464

[4] MillsA, HunteS L. A over view of semiconductor photocatalysis [J]. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem, 1997, 108(1): 1-35

[5] ThomsonT L, YatesJ T. Surface science studies of the photoactivation of TiO₂-New photochemical processes [J]. Chemical Reviews, 2006, 106(10): 4428-4453

[6] TadashiM, RyozoT, ToshiakiN. Photoeletro chemical sterilization of microbial cells by semiconductor powders [J]. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 1985, 29(1/2): 211-214

[7] LibertiL, LopezA, NotarnicolaM, BarneaN, PedahzurR, FattalB. Comparison of advanced disinfecting methods for municipal wastewater reuse in agriculture [J]. Water Science & Technology, 2000, 42(1/2): 215-220

[8] KikuchiY, SunadaK, IyodaT, HashimotoK, FujishimaA. Photocatalytic bactericidal effect of TiO₂ thin film: Dynamic view of the active oxygen species responsible for the effect [J]. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem, 1997, 106(2): 51-56

[9] SunadaK, WatanabeT, HashimotoK. Studies on photo killing of bacteria on TiO₂ thin film [J]. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chemi, 2003, 156(1/2/3): 227-233

[10] MatsumotoT, IyiN, KanekoY, KitamuraK, IshiharaS, TakasuY, MurakamiY. High visible-light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania prepared from layered titania/isostearate nanocomposite [J]. Catal Today, 2007, 120(2): 226-232

[11] HoffmannM R, MartinS T, ChoiW, BahnemannD W. Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis [J]. Chem Rev, 1995, 95(1): 69-96

[12] LiZ, ZhangP-y, ChenS-zhe. Influence of pretreatment of titanium substrate on long-term stability of TiO₂ film [J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2007, 28(4): 299-306

[13] de JongK P, GeusJ W. Carbon nanofibers: Catalytic synthesis and applic ations [J]. Catalysis Reviews, 2000, 42(4): 481-510

[14] YueL-h, ShuiM, XuZ-d, ZhengY-fan. The A-R transformation and photocatalytic activities of mixed TiO₂ rare earth oxides [J]. Journal of Zhe jiang University: Sciences Edition, 2000, 27(1): 69-74

[15] AoC H, LeeS C, JimmyY C. Photocatalyst TiO₂ supported on glass fiber for indoor air purification: Effect of NO on the photodegradation of CO and NO₂ [J]. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem, 2003, 156(1/2/3): 171-177

[16] UbolchonlakateK, SikongL, TontaiT. Formaldehyde degradation by photocatalytic Ag-doped TiO₂ film of glass fiber roving [J]. J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2010, 10(11): 7522-7525

[17] SakaiS, HiraokaK, YamashitaR, MatsumotoY. Effect of TiO₂ photocatalyst on odorous gases using glass fiber filter for repeatable use [J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2006, 45: 8-11

[18] FariborzT. Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation for microorganism inactivation [J]. Water Res, 2004, 38(6): 3940-3948

[19] HassenA, MahroukM, OuzariH, CherifM, BoudabousA, DamelincourtJ J. UV disinfection of treated wastewater in a large-scale pilot plant and inactivation of selected bacteria in a laboratory UV device [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2000, 74: 141-150

[20] BoltonJ R, LindenK G. Standardization of methods for fluence (UV Dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments [J]. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2003, 129(3): 209-216

[21] VanA B, LinL S. Effect of the disinfection agents chlorine, UV irradiation, silver ions, and TiO₂ nanoparticles/near-UV on DNA molecules [J]. Water Science and Technology, 2011, 64(6): 1226-1232

[22] KashimadaK, KamikoN, YamamotoK, OhgakiS. Assessment of photoreactivation following ultraviolet light disinfection [J]. Water Science and Technology, 1996, 33(10/11): 261-269

[23] IrelandJ C, KlostermannP, RiceE W, ClarkR M. Inactivation of Escherichia coli by titanium dioxide photo-catalytic oxidation [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1993, 59(5): 1668-1670

[24] LinC H, YuR F, ChengW P, LiuC R. Monitoring and control of UV and UV-TiO₂ disinfections for municipal wastewater reclamation using artificial neural net works [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 209/210: 348-354

[25] OgumaK, KatayamaH, OhgakiS. Photoreactivation of Escherichia coli after low-or medium-pressure UV disinfection determined by an endonuclease sensitive site assay [J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68(12): 6029-6035

[26] JinX, LiZ F, ZhaoX, XieL L, WangT T. Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on ultraviolet disinfection in controlling bacterial photoreactivation [J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, 347–353: 2369-2374

[27] RahmaniA, SamarghandiM R, SamadiM T, NazemiF. Photocatalytic disinfection of coliform bacteria using UV/TiO₂ [J]. Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 2009, 9(1): 1-6

[28] EdeS, HafnerL, DunlopP, ByrneJ, WillG. Photocatalytic disinfection of bacterial pollutants using suspended and immobilized TiO₂ powders [J]. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 2012, 88(3): 728-735

[29] NathR K, ZainM F M, KadhumA A H. Photocatalysis—A novel approach for solving various environmental and disinfection problems: A brief review [J]. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2012, 8(8): 4147-4155

[30] ShangC, CheungL M, HoC M, IengM. Repression of photoreactivation and dark repair of coliform bacteria by TiO₂-modified UV-C disinfection [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 89(3/4): 536-542

[31] LocasA, DemersJ, PaymentP. Evaluation of photoreactivation of Escherichia coli and Enterococci after UV disinfection of municipal wastewater [J]. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 2008, 54(11): 971

[32] MounaouerB, SaidiN, AbdennaceurH. UV disinfection of secondary wastewater: Influence of photoreactivation on the kinetics of inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa [J]. Current Biotechnology, 2012, 1(4): 346-357

[33] ChoiY S, KimB W. Photocatalytic disinfection of E coli in a UV/TiO₂-immobilised optical-fibre reactor [J]. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 2000, 75(12): 1145-1150

RIGHTS & PERMISSIONS

Central South University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg