Kinetic study on leaching of nickel from Turkish lateritic ore in nitric acid solution

Abstract

Dissolution kinetics of nickel from lateritic ore in nitric acid solution was investigated. Experimental parameters used were stirring speed (100-600 r/min), temperature (40-96 °C), nitric acid concentration (0.1-2 mol/L) and particle size (<106 µm). The shrinking core model was applied to the results of experiments investigating the effects of leaching temperature in the range of 40-90 °C and nitric acid concentration in range of 0.1-2 mol/L on nickel dissolution rate. The kinetic analysis shows that the nickel dissolution from lateritic ore could be described by diffusion model. The activation energy (E_a) for the dissolution reaction is calculated as 79.52 kJ/mol.

Keywords

leaching / lateritic ore / nickel / kinetic analysis / diffusion / nitric acid

References

[1] LiJ-h, XiongD-l, ChenH, WangR-x, LiangYong. Physicochemical factors affecting leaching of laterite ore in hydrochloric acid [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2012, 129/130: 14-18

[2] ParkK H, NamC W. Status and prospect of nickel resources and processing [J]. Trending Metals Mater. Eng, 2008, 21: 1-9

[3] GolightlyJ P. Nickeliferous laterite deposits [J]. Econ Geol, 1981, 75(1): 710-735

[4] GeorgiouD, PapangelakisG V. Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of a limonitic laterite: Chemistry and kinetics [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1998, 49: 23-46

[5] SagapoaC V, ImaiA, WatanabeK. Laterization process of ultramafic rocks in siruka, solomon islands [J]. Journal of Novel Carbon Resource Sciences, 2011, 3: 32-39

[6] GleesonS A, ButtC R, WliasM. Nickel laterites: A review [J]. SEG Newsletter, Society of Economic Geologists, 2003, 54: 12-18

[7] EliasM. Nickel laterite deposits—geological overview, resources and exploitation [M]//. Giant ore deposits: Characteristics, genesis and exploration, 2002HobantUniversity of Tasmania

[8] SolerJ M, CamaJ, GalíS, MelendezW, RamirezA, EstangaJ. Composition and dissolution kinetics of garnierite from the Loma de Hierro Ni-laterite deposit, Venezuela [J]. Chemical Geology, 2008, 249(1/2): 191-202

[9] LandersM, GilkesR J, WellsM. Dissolution kinetics of dehydroxylated nickeliferous goethite from limonitic lateritic nickel ore [J]. Applied Clay Science, 2009, 42: 615-624

[10] BrandN W, ButtC R M, EliasM. Nickel laterites: Classification and features [J]. Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysic, 1998, 17: 81-88

[11] DalviA D, BaconW, OsborneRC. The past and the future of nickel laterites [C]//. PDAC 2004 International Conference Trade Show and Investors Exchange, 2004

[12] DeepatanaA, TangJ A, ValixM. Comparative study of chelating ion exchange resins for metal recovery from bioleaching of nickel laterite ores [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2006, 19: 1280-1289

[13] AgacayakT, ZedefV. Dissolution kinetics of a lateritic nickel ore in sulphuric acid medium [J]. Acta Montanistica Slovaca, 2012, 17(1): 33-41

[14] LuoW, FengQ-m, OuL, ZhangG-f, ChenYun. Kinetics of saprolitic laterite leaching by sulphuric acid at atmospheric pressure [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2010, 23(6): 458-462

[15] StopicS, FriedrichB, FuchR. Kinetics of sulphuric acid leaching of the Serbian nickel laterite ore under atmospheric pressure [J]. Metalurgica Journal of Metallurgy, 2002, 8(3): 235-244

[16] AyandaO S, AdekolaF A, BabaA A, FatokiO S, XimbaB J. Comparative study of the kinetics of dissolution of laterite in some acidic media [J]. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, 2011, 10(15): 1457-1472

[17] RubisovD H, KrowinkelJ M, PapangelakisV G. Sulphuric acid pressure leaching of laterites universal kinetics of nickel dissolution for limonites and limonitic/saprolitic blends [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2000, 58(1): 1-11

[18] Agatzini-LeonardouS, ZafiratosI G. Beneficiation of a Greek serpentinic nickeliferous ore. Part II. Sulfuric acid heap and agitation leaching [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2004, 74: 267-275

[19] McdonaldR G, WhittingtonB I. Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel laterites review (Part I). Sulphuric acid technologies [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2008, 91(1/4): 35-55

[20] ThubakgaleC K, MbayaR K K, KabongoK. A study of atmospheric acid leaching of a South African nickel laterite [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2013, 54: 79-81

[21] LandersM, GilkesR J, WellsM. Dissolution kinetics of dehydroxylated nickeliferous goethite from limonitic lateritic nickel ore [J]. Applied Clay Science, 2009, 42: 615-624

[22] MohammadrezaF, MohammadN, ZiaeddinS S. Nickel extraction from low grade laterite by agitation leaching at atmospheric pressure [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2014, 24: 543-548

[23] AgacayakT, ZedefV, AydoganS. Leaching of lateritic nickel ores of Karacam (Eskisehir-Turkey) with hydrochloric acid [C]//. 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo-Conference&EXPO SGEM, Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection, 2011, 1: 1155-1162

[24] OlanipekunE O. Kinetics of leaching laterite [J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 2000, 60: 9-14

[25] WangB-q, GuoQ, WeiG-y, ZhangP-y, QuJ-k, QiTao. Characterization and atmospheric hydrochloric acid leaching of a limonitic laterite from Indonesia [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2012, 129/130: 7-13

[26] GuoQ, QuJ-k, HanB-b, ZhangP-y, SongY-x, QiTao. Innovative technology for processing saprolitic laterite ores by hydrochloric acid atmospheric pressure leaching [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2015, 71: 1-6

[27] McdonaldR G, WhittingtonB I. Atmospheric acid leaching of nickel laterites review. Part II. Chloride and bio-technologies [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2008, 91: 56-69

[28] MaB-z, WangC-y, YangW-j, YangB, ZhangY-lu. Selective pressure leaching of Fe (II)-rich limonitic laterite ores from Indonesia using nitric acid [J]. Minerals Engineering, 2013, 45: 151-158

[29] ZhaiY-c, MuW-n, LiuY, XuQian. A green process for recovering nickel from nickeliferous laterite ores [J]. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China, 2010, 20: 65-70

[30] ChenS-l, GuoX-y, ShiW-t, LiDong. Extraction of valuable metals from low-grade nickeliferous laterite ore by reduction roasting-ammonia leaching method [J]. Journal of Central South University of Technology, 2010, 17: 765-769

[31] ZunigaM, ParadaF, AsselinE. Leaching of a limonitic laterite in ammoniacal solutions with metallic iron [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2010, 104: 260-267

[32] SahuS, KavuriN C, KunduM. Dissolution kinetics of nickel laterite ore using different secondary metabolic acids [J]. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2011, 28(2): 251-258

[33] BeheraS K, SuklaL B, MishraB K. Leaching of nickel laterite using fungus mediated organic acid and synthetic organic acid: a comparative study [C]//. Proceedings of the XI International Seminar on Mineral Processing Technology, 2010946-954

[34] SuklaL B, PanchanadikarV. Bioleaching of lateritic nickel ore using a heterotrophic micro-organism [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 1993, 32: 373-379

[35] AgacayakTBeneficiation of Karacam (Eskisehir) lateritic nickel ore by physical and chemical methods [D], 2008TurkeySelcuk University

[36] BeheraS K, PandaS K, PradhanN, SuklaL B, MishraB K. Extraction of nickel by microbial reduction of lateritic chromite overburden of Sukinda, India [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 125: 17-22

[37] GharabaghiM, IrannajadM, NoaparastM. A review of the beneficiation of calcareous phosphate ores using organic acid leaching [J]. Hydrometallurgy, 2010, 103: 96-107

[38] LevenspielOChemical reaction engineering [D], 1999New YorkJohn Wiley & Sons

[39] ZafarI Z. Determination of semi empirical kinetic model for dissolution of bauxite ore with sulfuric acid: Parametric cumulative effect on the Arrhenius parameters [J]. Chemical Eng J, 2008, 141(1/2/3): 233-241

[40] HabashiF. Principles of extractive metallurgy [D]. New York: Gordon and Breach, 1969

[41] AgacayakT, AydoganS, ZedefV. Dissolution of lateritic nickel ore in sulphuric acid medium with potassium dichromate [C]//. 8th International Scientific Conference, Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection SGEM 2008, 200851-58

[42] AgacayakT, ZedefV. Determination of leach conditions of Karaçam lateritic nickel ores with sulfuric acid under effect of sodium fluoride [C]//. 11th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geo-Conference & EXPO SGEM, Modern Management of Mine Producing, Geology and Environmental Protection, 2011, 1: 1109-1116