Modeling of ratcheting accumulation of secondary deformation due to stress-controlled high-cyclic loading in granular soils

Abstract

An objective of this work is to develop a validated computational model that can be used to estimate ratcheting accumulation behavior of granular soils due to high-cyclic loading. An accumulation model was proposed to describe only the envelope of the maximum plastic deformations generated during the cyclic loading process, which can calculate the accumulated deformation by means of relatively large load cycle increments. The concept of volumetric hardening was incorporated into the model and a so-called overstress formulation was employed to describe the evolution of the accumulated volumetric deformation as a state parameter. The model accounted for ratcheting shakedown and accumulation such as a pseudo-yield surface (a shakedown surface) associated with loading inside the current virgin yield surface which was implemented into the well-known modified Cam-clay model. Finally, the model was calibrated using data from the stress-controlled drained cyclic triaxial tests on homogeneous fine grained sands. It is seen that the model can successfully represent important features of the ratcheting accumulation of both volumetric and deviatoric deformation caused by repeated drained loading over a large number of cycles.

Keywords

ratcheting accumulation / secondary deformation / response envelope / high-cyclic loading / granular soils

References

[1] ALONSO-MARROQUINF, MÜHLHAUSH B, HERRMANNH J. Micromechanical investigation of granular ratcheting using a discrete model of polygonal particles [J]. Particuology, 2008, 6(6): 390-403

[2] ALONSO-MARROQUINF. Micromechanical investigation of soil deformation: Incremental response and granular ratcheting [D]. Institut für Computeranwendungen 1, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, 2004

[3] ALONSO-MARROQUINF, HERRMANNH J. Ratcheting of granular materials [J]. Physical Review Letters, 2004, 92(5): 054301

[4] CALVETTIF, DI-PRISCOC. Discrete numerical investigation of the ratcheting phenomenon in granular materials [J]. Comptes Rendus Mecanique, 2010, 338(10): 604-614

[5] GARCÍA-ROJOR, ALONSO-MARROQUINF, HERRMANNH J. Characterization of the material response in granular ratcheting [J]. Physical Review E, 2005, 72: 041302

[6] GARCÍA-ROJOR, HERRMANNH J. Shakedown of unbound granular material [J]. Granular Matter, 2005, 7(2): 109-118

[7] MAGNANIMOV, LUDINGS. A local constitutive model with anisotropy for ratcheting under 2D axial-symmetric isobaric deformation [J]. Granular Matter, 2011, 13(3): 225-232

[8] LEKARPF, ISACSSONU, DAWSONA. Permanent strain response of unbound aggregates [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2000, 126(1): 76-83

[9] NIEMUNISA, WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Compaction of freshly pluviated granulates under uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loading [J]. Geotechnical Problems with Man-made and Man-influenced Grounds, 2003, 1: 855-860

[10] NIEMUNISA, WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Settlements and pore pressure generation in sand during earthquakesphysical phenomena and their 1-D description [C]//Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures V. Portland, 200513-21

[11] WICHTMANNTExplicit accumulation model for non-cohesive soils under cyclic loading [D], 2005BochumRuhr University Bochum

[12] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDISTStrain accumulation in sand due to drained uniaxial cyclic loading [C]//Cyclic Behaviour of Soils and Liquefaction Phenomena, 2004233-246

[13] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. The effect of volumetric and out-of-phase cyclic loading on strain accumulation [C]//Cyclic Behaviour of Soils and Liquefaction Phenomena. Bochum, 2004247-256

[14] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Strain accumulation in sand due to cyclic loading: Drained triaxial tests [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2005, 25(12): 967-979

[15] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Experimental evidence of a unique flow rule of non-cohesive soils under high-cyclic loading [J]. Acta Geotechnica, 2006, 1(1): 59-73

[16] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. On the influence of the polarization and the shape of the strain loop on strain accumulation in sand under high-cyclic loading [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 27(1): 14-28

[17] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Strain accumulation in sand due to cyclic loading: Drained cyclic tests with triaxial extension [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 27(1): 42-48

[18] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Recent advances in constitutive modelling of compaction of granular materials under cyclic loading [C]//Proceedings of the 8th HSTAM International Congress on Mechanics. Patras, Greece, 2007121-136

[19] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Validation and calibration of a high-cycle accumulation model based on cyclic triaxial tests on eight sands [J]. Soils and Foundations, 2009, 49(5): 711-728

[20] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Strain accumulation in sand due to drained cyclic loading: On the effect of monotonic and cyclic preloading (Miner’s rule) [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2010, 30(8): 736-745

[21] WICHTMANNT, NIEMUNISA, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST, POBLETEM. Correlation of cyclic preloading with the liquefaction resistance [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2005, 25(12): 923-932

[22] WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Influence of a cyclic and dynamic loading history on dynamic properties of dry sand. Part II: Cyclic axial preloading [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 24(11): 789-803

[23] WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Influence of a cyclic and dynamic loading history on dynamic properties of dry sand. Part I: cyclic and dynamic torsional prestraining [J]. oil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2004, 24(2): 127-147

[24] NIEMUNISA, WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. Settlements and pore pressure generation in sand during earthquakes—Physical phenomena and their 1-D description [J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures V, 2005, 81: 13-21

[25] DAFALIASY F, HERRMANNL R. Bounding surface formulation of soil plasticity [J]. Soil Mechanics—Transient and Cyclic Loads, 1982, 10: 253-282

[26] DAFALIASY F, HERRMANNL R. Bounding surface plasticity: Application to isotropic cohesive soils [J]. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 1986, 112(12): 1263-1981

[27] NIEMUNISA, WICHTMANNT, TRIANTAFYLLIDIST. A highcycle accumulation model for sand [J]. Computers and Geotechnics, 2005, 32(4): 245-263

[28] SUIKERAThe mechanical behaviour of ballasted railway tracks [D], 2002DelftDelft University of Technology

[29] SUIKERA, DE-BORSTR. A numerical model for the cyclic deterioration of railway tracks [J]. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2003, 57(4): 441-470

[30] CHAIJ C, MIURAN. Traffic-load-induced permanent deformation of road on soft subsoil [J]. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 2002, 128(11): 907-916

[31] HUY-yuan. Long-term settlement of soft subsoil clay under rectangular or semi-sinusoidal repeated loading of low amplitude [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2010, 47(11): 1259-1270

[32] JIAP-f, KONGL-w, YANGA-wu. Strain accumulation model of soils under low-amplitude high-cycle loading [J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(3): 737-742

[33] KARG C.Modelling of strain accumulation due to low level vibrations in granular soils [D]. Ghent: Ghent University, 2007.

[34] KARGC, FRANCOISS, HAEGEMANW, DEGRANDEG. Elastoplastic long-term behavior of granular soils: Modelling and experimental validation [J]. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2010, 30(8): 635-646

[35] OLSZAKW, PERZYNAP. On thermal effects in viscoplasticity [J]. Zeitschrift für angewandte Mathematik und Physik ZAMP, 1969, 20(5): 676-680

[36] PERZYNAP. Fundamental problems in viscoplasticity [J]. Advances in Applied Mechanics, 1966, 9: 243-377

[37] ROSCOEK H, BURLANDJ B. On the generalized stress-strain behaviour of wet clay [M]//HEYMAN J, LECKIE F P eds. Engineering plasticity. New York, 1968539-609

[38] CHANGC S, WHITMANR V. Drained permanent deformation of sand due to cyclic loading [J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1988, 114(10): 1164-1180

[39] LUONGM P. Mechanical aspects and thermal effects of cohesionless soils under cyclic and transient loading [C]//Proc of IUTAM Conf on Deformation and Failure of Granular Materials. Delft, 1982239-246

[40] YINJ-h, GRAHAMJ. Elastic viscoplastic modelling of the time-dependent stress-strain behaviour of soils [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 1999, 36(4): 736-745