Application of experimental design in optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse

Abstract

Experimental design was applied in the optimization of crude oil adsorption from saline waste water using raw bagasse. The application of response surface methodology (RSM) was presented with temperature, salinity of water, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial oil content as factors. A quadratic model could be used to approximate the mathematical relationship of crude oil removal on the five significant independent variables. Predicted values and experimental values are found to be in good agreement with R² of 97.44%. The result of optimization shows that the maximum crude oil removal is equal to 67.38% under the optimal condition of temperature of 46.53 °C, salinity of 37.2 g/L, pH of 3, adsorbent dose of 9 g/L and initial oil content of 300×10⁻⁶.

Keywords

brine / crude oil / adsorption / raw bagasse / experimental design

References

[1] BanerjeeS S, JoshiM V, JayaramR V. Treatment of oil spill by sorption technique using fatty acid grafted sawdust [J]. Chemosphere, 2006, 64(6): 1026-1031

[2] AnnunciadoT R, SydenstrickerT D H, AmicoS C. Experimental investigation of various vegetable fibers as sorbent materials for oil spills [J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2005, 50(11): 1340-1346

[3] ZhuX, VenosaA D, SuidanM T, LeeK. Guideline for the bioremediation of marine shorelines and fresh water wetland [R]. Report under a contract with Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati: Environmental Protection Agency, 2001

[4] YangL, LaiC T, ShiehW K. Biodegradation of dispersed diesel fuel under high salinity conditions [J]. Water Research, 2000, 34: 3303-3314

[5] National Academy of Science.Oil in the sea: Inputs, fates and effects [M], 1985, Washington DC, National Academy Press: 1-17

[6] PhanN H, RioS, FaurC, CoqL L E, CloirecP L E, NguyenT H. Production of fibrous activated carbons from natural cellulose (jute, coconut) fibers for water treatment applications [J]. Carbon, 2006, 44(12): 2569-2577

[7] CarrottP J M, Ribeiro CarrottM M L, MouroP A M, LimaR P. Preparation of activated carbons from cork by physical activation in carbon dioxide [J]. Adsorption Science Technology, 2003, 21(7): 669-681

[8] Lillo-RodenasM A, Marco-LozarJ P, Cazorla-AmorosD, Linares-SolanoA. Activated carbons prepared by pyrolysis of mixtures of carbon precursor/alkaline hydroxide [J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2007, 80(1): 166-174

[9] GurgelL V A, FreitasR P, GilL F. Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous single metal solutions by sugarcane bagasse and mercerized sugarcane bagasse chemically modified with succinic anhydride [J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2008, 74(4): 922-929

[10] NamasivayamC, KumarM D, SelviK, BegurR A, VanathiT, Yamuna WasteR T. Coir Pith-A potential biomass for the treatment of dyeing wastewaters [J]. Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001, 21(6): 477-483

[11] HameedB H, RahmanA A. Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto activated carbon prepared from biomass material [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2008, 160(2/3): 576-581

[12] KarakasiO K, MoutsatsouA. By-products: Oil sorbents as a potential energy source [J]. Waste Management and Research, 2012, 31(4): 376-383

[13] VlaevL, PetkovP, DimitrovA, GenievaS. Cleanup of water polluted with crude oil or or diesel fuel using rice husks ash [J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2011, 42: 957-964

[14] AngelovaD, UzunovI, UzunovaS, GigovaA, MinchevL. Kinetics of oil and oil products adsorption by carbonized rice husks [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 172: 306-311

[15] KaranC P, RengasamyR S, DasD. Oil spill cleanup by structured fibre assembly [J]. Indian Journal of Fibre and Textile Research, 2010, 36: 190-200

[16] SathasivamK, HarisM R H M. Adsorption kinetics and capacity of fatty acid-modified banana trunk fibers for oil in water [J]. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2010, 213: 413-423

[17] NwokomaD B, AneneU. Adsorption of crude oil using meshed groundnut husk [J]. Chemical Product and Process Modeling, 2010, 5(1): 1-23

[18] El-AzizA A S, LudwickA G, AglanH A. Usefulness of raw bagasse for oil absorption: A comparison of raw and acylated bagasse and their components [J]. Bioresource Technology, 2009, 100: 2219-2222

[19] HusseinM, AmerA A, SawsanI I. Oil spill sorption using carbonized pith bagasse: Application of carbonized pith bagasse as loose fiber [J]. Global NEST Journal, 2009, 11(4): 440-448

[20] HusseienM, AmerA A, El-MaghrabyA, TahaN A. Availability of barley straw application on oil spill clean up [J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2009, 6(1): 123-130

[21] HusseinM, AmerA A, SawsanI I. Oil spill sorption using carbonized pith bagasse. 1. Preparation and characterization of carbonized pith bagasse [J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2008, 82: 205-211

[22] SayedS A, ZayedA M. Investigation of the effectiveness of some adsorbent materials in oil spill clean up [J]. Desalination, 2006, 194: 90-100

[23] BayatA, AghamiriS F, MohebA, Vakili-NezhaadR. Oil spill cleanup from sea water by sorbent materials [J]. Journal of Chemical Engineering Technology, 2005, 28(12): 1525-1528

[24] SayedS A, El SayedA S S M, ZayedA M. Oil spill pollution treatment by sorption on natural Cynanchum acutum L. plant. [J]. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2003, 7: 63-73

[25] RowellR M, KeanyF M. Fiberboards made from acetylated bagasse fiber [J]. Wood Fiber Sci, 1991, 23(1): 15-22

[26] RezendeC A, de LimaM A, MazieroP, DeazevedoE R, GarciaW, PolikarpovL. Chemical and morphological characterization of sugarcane bagasse submitted to a delignification process for enhanced enzymatic digestibility [J]. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 2011, 4(1): 54-73

[27] SwaminathanK, AyyappanR, Carmalin SophiaA, SandhyaS. Removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using carbon derived from agricultural wastes [J]. Process Biochemistry, 2005, 40(3/4): 1293-1299

[28] GuptaV K, AliI. Removal of DDD and DDE from wastewater using bagasse fly ash, a sugar industry waste [J]. Water Research, 2001, 35(1): 33-40

[29] DemiralH, DemiralI, TumsekF, KarabacakogluB. Adsorption of chromium(VI) from aqueous solution by activated carbon derived from olive bagasse and applicability of different adsorption models [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2008, 144(2): 188-196

[30] BilbaK, OuensangaA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic study degradation of sugar cane bagasse [J]. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1996, 38(1): 61-73

[31] HamidS H, MaadhahA G, UsmaniA M. Bagasse-based building materials, Polym-Plast [J]. Technol Eng, 1983, 21(2): 173-208

[32] PaturauJ MBy-products of the cane sugar industry: An introduction to their industrial utilization [M], 19822nd editionElsevier, Amsterdam (Netherlands): 366

[33] VitidsantT, SuravattanasakulT, DamronglerdS. Production of activated carbon from palm oil shell by pyrolysis and steam activation in a fixed bed reactor [J]. Science Asia, 1999, 25(4): 211-222

[34] American Society of TestingMaterials ASTM.Annual book of ASTM standards [S], 1998

[35] FreireD D C, Sant’annaG LJr. A proposed method modification for the determination of COD in saline waters [J]. Environ Technol, 2003, 19: 243-247

[36] MahalikK, SahuJ N, PatwardhanA V, MeikapB C. Statistical modeling andoptimization of hydrolysis of urea to generate ammonia for flue gas conditioning [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 182(1/2/3): 603-610

[37] SahuJ N, PatwardhanA V, MeikapB C. Optimization for production of ammoniafrom urea in a semi-batch reactor for safe feedstock in power plants: Experimental and statistical studies [J]. Clean-Soil, Air, Water, 2010, 38(5/6): 533-542

[38] SahuJ N, AcharyaJ, MeikapB C. Response surface modeling and optimization of chromium(VI) removal from aqueous solution using tamarind wood activated carbon in batch process [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 172(2/3): 818-825

[39] MyersR H, MontgomeryD CResponse surface methodology: Process and product optimization using designed experiments [M], 20022nd editionUSA, John Wiley and Sons: 82-129