Soft chemical synthesis and electrochemical properties of tin oxide-based materials as anodes for lithium ion batteries

Abstract

A novel soft chemical approach was developed to synthesize tin oxide-based powders. The microstructure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and electrochemical methods. The results show that the particles of tin oxide-based materials form an interconnected network structure like mesoporous material. The average size of the particles is about 200 nm. The materials deliver a charge capacity of more than 570 mA·h·g⁻¹. And the capacity loss per cycle is about 0.15% after being cycled for 30 times. The good electrochemical performance indicates that tin oxide-based materials are promising anodes for lithium ion batteries.

Keywords

lithium ion battery / tin oxide / anode / soft chemical synthesis / electrochemical property

References

[1] PoizotP, LaruelleS, GrugeonS, et al.. Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Nature, 2000, 407: 496-499

[2] KimS, IkutaH, WakiharaM. Synthesis and characterization of MnV₂O₆ as a high capacity anode material for a lithium secondary battery [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2001, 139(1–2): 57-65

[3] YuA, FrechR. Mesoporous tin oxides as lithium intercalation anode materials [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2002, 104(1): 97-100

[4] IdotaY, KubotaT, MatsufujiA, et al.. Tin-based amorphous oxide: a high-capacity lithium-ion-storage material[J]. Science, 1997, 276: 1 395-1 397

[5] CourtneyI A, DahnJ R. Electrochemical and in situ X-ray diffraction studies of the reaction of lithium with tin oxide composites[J]. J Electrochem Soc, 1997, 144(6): 2 045-2 052

[6] CourtneyI A, DahnJ R. Key factors controlling the reversibility of the reaction of lithium with SnO₂ and Sn₂BPO₆ Glass [J]. J Electrochem Soc, 1997, 144(9): 2 943-2 948

[7] CourtneyI A, MckinnonW R, DahnJ R. On the aggregation of tin in SnO composite glasses caused by the reversible reaction with lithium [J]. J Electrochem Soc, 1999, 146(1): 59-68

[8] HugginsR A. Lithium alloy negative electrodes formed from convertible oxides[J]. Solid State Ionics, 1998, 113–115: 57-67

[9] MohamediM, LeeS J, TakahashiD, et al.. Amorphous tin oxide films: preparation and characterization as an anode active material for lithium ion batteries [J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2001, 46(8): 1 161-1 168

[10] LiN, MartinC R. A high-rate, high-capacity, nanostructured Sn-based anode prepared using sol-gel template synthesis[J]. J Electrochem Soc, 2001, 148(2): A164-A170

[11] HsuR, KimJ Y, KumtaP N. Modified oxide solprecipitation(MOSP) approach for synthesizing borophosphosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics [J]. Chem Mater, 1996, 8(1): 107-112

[12] KimJ Y, KumtaP N. Modified sol-gel based approaches for synthesizing borophosphosilicate glasses and glass-ceramics[J]. J Phys Chem B, 1998, 102(30): 5 744-5 753

[13] KimJ Y, KingD E, KumtaP N, et al.. Chemical synthesis of tin oxide-based materials for Li-ion battery anodes: influence of process parameters on the electrochemical behavior [J]. J Electrochem Soc, 2000, 147(12): 4 411-4 420

[14] TaoD P, YangX W. Kinetics of disproportionation and reduction of stannousoxide and mechanism of reduction of stannic oxide [J]. The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 1998, 3(1): 126-130(in Chinese)

[15] MorenoM S, PunteG, RigottiG, et al.. Kinetic study of the disproportionation of tin monoxide [J]. Solid State Ionics, 2001, 144(1–2): 81-86

[16] MachillS, ShodaiT, SakuraiY, et al.. Electrochemical characterization of tin based composite oxides as negative electrodes for lithium batteries [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 1998, 73(2): 216-223

[17] LiH, HuangX J, ChenL Q. Direct imaging of the passivating film and microstructure of nanometerscale SnO anodes in lithium rechargeable batteries [J]. Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 1998, 1(6): 241-243

[18] YuanZ Y, HuangF, SunJ T, et al.. Studies on synthesis and electrochemical properties of amorphous SnO based anode materials for lithium batteries [J]. Journal of Wuhan University(Natural Science), 2002, 48(4): 417-419(in Chinese)