According to the data of trashed length, micro fiber angle, air density, ring width and late wood percentage, with the analysis of optimum method of classification, the boundary line of juvenile wood and mature wood of planted Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) was determined as the 14th year. Based on the variation pattern of these parameters, the prediction equations were established. Wood quality prediction can be realized by these equations. By error analysis between the values of measured data and the values of prediction data, it is found that the results of wood prediction of planted Chinese fire are satisfactory.

The water relations balance parameters of plant tissue have been determined under field condition. They are the osmotic potentials at saturation (πsat), the osmotic potentials at the turgid loss point (πtlp), modulus of elasticity (ε) and the water saturation deficiency at turgid loss point (Wsdtlp) of 30 adult woody species from Cerrado vegetation (neotropical savanna) in the wet and dry seasons of Brazil. And the changing patterns ofSe values of each species have been compared and analyzed in different methods. The mean values of πsat, πtlp, ε andWsdtlp of 30 species in the wet season were −2.11 MPa, −2.50 MPa, 19.66 MPa and 10.27% respectively. Responding to water stress in the dry season, the values of πsat of 24 species, the πtlp and the ε of 17 species, theWsdtlp of 6 species significantly went down or up comparing with those in the wet season (P<0.05). Only 3 species had not changed their water parameters significantly any more. The mean values of πsat, πtlp, ε andWsdtlp of 30 species were adjusted to be −2.28 MPa, −2.84 MPa, 18.58 MPa and 8.19% respectively. The species that have lower values of the πsat have higher values on ε. Contrary, the species that have higher values on the πsat have lower values on ε. The special strategies of 30 Cerrado species have been divided into 3 types in Cluster Analysis Method. Every type has the distinct water balance mechanism and the parameter-adjusting pattern.

In this paper, we used geostatistics studied the spatial heterogeneity of total nitrogen and phosphorus on the top soil (0–10 cm) in old growth forests of Korean pine. There was a high degree of spatial heterogeneity of both nutrients which were dependent scales. The isotropic spatial dependent scale were 6.19 m (N%) and 11.10 m (P%). Both nutrients have anisotropic structures at sampled area. Spatial heterogeneity of autocorrelated was over 80%, and spatial autocorrelation was important in nutrient variations in space. This caused spatial patterns of total nitrogen and phosphorus in forest top soil.

The biomass and net primary production of Mongolian scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L. var.mongolica) plantations of west Kerqin sandy land were measured. According to average standard trees, the biomass, net primary production and their distributions of trunk, bark, branch, leaf and root of 16-year-old stand were analyzed. The regressive equation for the estimation of each organ biomass was established through dimensional analysis. Preferable equation with higher precision was selected. The study results showed that the total biomass of the forest community was 62.023 t/hm² and net primary production was 5.045 t/(hm²·a), which indicates that the community of plantation possesses high bio-productivity.

By comparison of several kinds stands, effect of vegetation and land use on the surface soil was investigated in Wutal Mountains of Shanxi Province. The result shows that larch (Larix principis-rupprechtii) and birch stands (Betula platyphylla) have more favourable influence on the properties of surface soil than pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) plantation and mixed plantation of pine and poplar (Populus cathayana). Since deciduous species forest had more annual litter and higher nutrient contents in the litter, thus much more nutrient returned to soil. Mixed planting of pine and poplar could largely improve the soil fertility because litter of poplar is greater in amount and decomposes within 1≈2a. The shrub lands contained high nutrient contents in leaves and relatively few human intervention, much of nutrient accumulates in the soil over a long period, resulting in higher nutrient contents in shrub land soil than that in pine plantation soil. Some of them, such as rose (Rosa bella), spiraea (Spiraea trilobata), ostryopsis (Ostryopsis davidiana) and bushclover (Lespedeza bicolor) dominant stands, have even higher nutrient status than larch and birch stands. Land-use could significantly change the soil fertility. Soil organic matter and nutrient contents decreased after shrub stand was cultivted as cropland, but increased largely to the pre-cultivated level during following period. It is recommended that larch is the optimum species in the afforestation activities in this area. Natural birch stand should be protected from further damage. Cultivation of shrub land should be stopped. The development and comprehensive utilization of shrub resources should be strengthened by the way of alternative cultivation.

Populus simonigra, Salix matsudana, Ulmus pumila, Populus nigra, Acer negundo, Fraxinus mandshurica. Tamarix chinensis, Hippophae rhammoldes, Syriga onlata were planted on the soda-saline-alkali. The soil had pH 8.5–9.6, salinity 0.1%–0.3%, sodiumionized ratio 16%–51% and normality ratio of saline base Na⁺/(Ca⁺⁺+Mg⁺⁺)>4. Populus simonigra grows very well on the all kinds of soda-saline-alkali soils except on the alkali sport with the worst soil condition and showed a high wood increments and biomass. After 9 a, the volume can reach 100 m³/hm², and the above-ground biomass can rearch 28.7 t/hm².

Two species of cone flies (Strobilomyia anthracina andS. svenssoni) emerged from puparia were collected under Siberian spruce (Picea obovata) trees in the central part of the Krasnoyarsk region, central Siberia. Parasites of the Figitidae and Braconidae families emerged from 28.1% of the puparia, and fungal and bacterial diseases destroyed 24.8% of the puparia. Weight and length of the puparia depended on the sanitary status. Two types of cone fly eggs were observed on spruce cones. At least three species ofStrobilomyia (S. Infrequens, S. laricicola, and S. sibirica) attacked cones of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) in central Siberia.

A strain of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was separated from the infected larva during the research of integrated pest management ofDendrolimus superans. The morphology, bioassay, histopathology and field-test for this CPV were studied. The size of CPV is 0.16 μm×1.57 μm and the virion is 16.0 nm×58.1 nm. The L_C50 to the 3rd and 5th instar larva ofDendrolimus superans were 2.81×10⁴ PIB/mL and 7.17×10⁴ PIB/mL respectively. The polyhedrosis were formed after midgut of larva were infected for 72 h. A large amount of polyhedrosis was formed after 144 h. The mortality was more than 82% and average mortality was 84.62% when using 1.17×10⁸ PIB/mL virus suspension to control the pest in field test.

The spatial distribution pattern of needle bright disease was mathematically studied. The results showed that it is tally with negative binomial distribution. The infected area and damaged amount can be forecasted with this spatial distribution pattern. Through the study on probability distribution of spatial points for single tree, the method and equations for calculation of the disease index of whole forest belt were determined.

The effect ofDendrolimus superans on growth of trees was investigated after the breakout in Shibazhan forest area in 1990. Stem analysis was conducted for determining the tree increment loss. The result showed that the current annual increment for extreme heavily damaged, heavily damaged, moderately damaged and lightly damaged stands is 14%, 39.8%, 64% and 82% of that of the control forest respectively.

The structure of mammalian vibrissa was observed microscopically and the relationship of morphology and function was discussed. The vibrissa is conical. The elasticity and tenacity of vibrissa are stronger than that of pelage hair. The scales are shaped irregular on vibrissa shaft except for the root part, because of fractional damages. This type of scales is of great importance in preventing the vibrissa from being totally destroyed. Cortex of vibrissa is observed very well developed, thus its elasticity and tenacity work well in touching and sensing. Medulla of vibrissa is not well developed because vibrissa has been evaluated to fall in warm-keeping function.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) exhibits a variety of biological activities and it be thought to involved in various pathophysiological process. In this paper, some studies were summarized about those roles of PAF in a variety productive processes of female of mammalian that include fertilization, implantation and parturition, and that was involved in the concentration, synthesis, degradation and some assay methods of PAF. The relationship between PAF and early pregnancy factor (EPF) was reviewed.

The indoor toxicity determination for several chemicals were carried out onSeptoria pini-putmlae andDothistroma pini. The results showed that Carbendazol, Zineb and Thiophanate-methyl had better effect of killing the fungi. The field experiment indicated that Zineb wettable powder with concentrations of 1∶200, 1∶300 and 1∶500 had 79.2%, 67.2% and 59.7% control results respectively. The control results of 1∶200 Carbendazol wettable powder and 1∶200 Thiophanate-methyl wettable powder were 67.7% and 67% respectively.

The distribution, regeneration and succession ofFagus in China were systematically analyzed in comparison with those in Europe and in northern America. The results showed that it was very likely that China was the distribution center ofFagus, which originated in eastern Asia, migrated into northern America and then into Europe. Distribution ofFagus in China is relatively independent with seven species. The main reason for wide distribution ofFagus in Europe, but unitary species, is possibly the influence of the climate in Quaternary Period, and also related with influence of the ocean climate.