The population dynamic tendency ofAdenophora lobophylla Hong as an endangered species andAdenophora potaninii Korsh as widespread species, has been predicted by the Leslie matrix. And the comparison and analysis on the age structures between two species have been carried out in this paper. The results demonstrate theA. lobophylla populations which have the reasonable age structures perform slowly negative or positive increment at altitude 2300–3400 m. Especially. below altitude 2700 m. there are many populations performing seriously declining tendency. Contrary.A potaninii populations could adapt to environment perfectly at the corresponding condition without finding the population which performs the seriously declining tendency. The differences in developing tendency of population between the two species demonstrate thatA. lobophylla populations have the weaker ability to adapt to the external unfavorable conditions.
The crown morphology of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst) was studied from 617 sample trees. In order to model branch and crown descriptors the linear and nonlinear regression methods were extensively used. Results show that the branch length can be fairly well predicted from the distance to the apex of the tree and that the branch spread has a high correlation with the branch length and the insertion angle. Models have been set up to predict the crown ratio, height to the base of the living crown, height to the first living branch and the height to the first dead branch from the usual whole-tree measurements, namely diameter at breast height total height and total age.
Soils were collected from three neighboring forest sites: 36-year-old larch plantation, 11-year-old larch plantation, and natural secondary broad-leaved forest (as control). Soil pH, total C, total N, C/N ratio, and available N (NO3-N and NH4-N) were measured. Laboratory incubations of soil samples were conducted during a 50 days period for the measurement of nitrogen mineralization rate and nitrification potential. The results proved a degeneration in soil nitrogen status with stand age of larch plantations, which implicated one important aspect of soil degradation when natural forest was replaced by coniferous plantations.
The effect of water state of soil on eco-boundary over leaf surface was disscussed by takingPopulus davidiana as experimental material. The results show that to change soil water state by some methods was to adjust and control the forming quality of eco-boundary in fact. The plant in good water condition must be accompanied by thinner eco-boundary. This eco-boundary is beneficial to exchange and flow of the substances between plant and environment.
Vicia amirensis has pollen grain with swollen mesocipium, terete style, abaxially sprouting stylar hairs and globes stigma, differing from other five species,V. amoena, V. japonica, V. pseudo-orbus, V. ramuliflora, V. unijuga andV. venosa, in sect.Vicilla of Kupicha’s System. This result further support taxonomic treatmentV. amurensis proposed by Endo and Ohash. The chromosome numbers of 64 populations and karyotypes of 15 populations for sect.Vicilla and sect.Amurense were observed.V. amurensis andV. psendo-orbus have similar karyotype features such as the same karyotype symmetry, comparable chromosome size and the same type, of Sat-chromosomes, and thereforeV. amurensis in seet.Amurense is assumed to be closely related toV. japonica in sect.Vicilla. The primary study of nuclear DNA amount was carried out on nine populations of six taxa in sect.Vicilla in China. It is primarily discussed that evolutionary trend of karyotype, nuclear DNA amount in sect.Vicilla and geographic distribution of different ploidy cytotypes.
Analysis on tree hegiht and diameter(DBH) growth of the belt-mixed plantations ofFraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense andJuglans mandshurica(panted in 1986) were conducted by using the methods of variance analysis and multiple comparison. The results show that the position of slope is a significant physical factor to affect height growth and DBH growth.Fraxinus mandshurica grew best at meddle hill.Juglans mandshurica grew best at mid-down slope, andPhellodendron amurense grew best at down slope. The analysis of the positive edge effect was also made for belt-mixed plantation ofJuglans mandshurica and Larix dahurica. The result indicated thatLarix dahurica presented positive edge effect to growth ofJuglans mandshurica present.
A logaritmic series distribution model was used to evaluate the index of population diversity (α value) inQuercus mongolica forest in Zhanguangcai Mountains, Heilongjiang, Northeastern China. The α value went up from 1.07 to 4.46–6.98, after closing hillsides for 20 years. The spatial distribution of the α value was calculated among the hill slopes. The results were as follows: middle of hill>bottom of hill>top of hill.
Experiments on temperature-accelerated germination, seeding quantity, and optimum density of seedling were made forKalopanax septemlobus. The experimental results indicated that the seeds ofkalopananx septemlobus had physiological dormancy because of unmature embryo and existence of inhibitory matter in the seed. Temperature-accelerated germination was a preferable and essential way to assure the germination. Seed dormancy could be overcome through accelerating germination. Firstly, warm treatment should be done, morphological maturity occurred, then, followed by lower temperature treatment, reaching physiological maturity. Seeding quantity, optimum density and the relations between density of seedlings and yield were studied.
Aralia clata is an important economic species in northeast China. The experiments for determung optimum seedlings density were made in the nursery of Experimental Forest Farm of Liaoning Province. Qingyuan County, in 1997. The results of 4 repeating experiments for six densities were analyzed using variance analysis by single factor. Seedling density has great effects on growth of diameter(at foot) and height. The proper seedlings density forAralia elata was determined to be 55–65 stems/m2, or 330000 390000 hm2. Thus density can insure individual seedling’s quality and the maximum productivity of seedlings.
In this paper, food habits of the wolf (Canis lupus) was determined in Inner Mongolia, using scat analysis Results indicated that ungulates were the staple food items (frequency 53.8%, relative biomass 85.2%). In the scats, animals was 40.3% by the frequency of occurrence, and 75.7% by the relative biomass. Compared with the food habits of wolves in Heilongjiang Province, wolves showed a different pattern in prey selection in this region. In this study, we estimated the relative biomass of food items, and amount of each prey ingested by a wolf, based on a linear regression equation,y=2.76+0.02x (r=0.997), which was obtained in the feeding trials. It is suggested that wolves are opportunistic predator. Some suggestions for wolf conservation and management were discussed.
Comparative study and analysis were undertaken, by the authors ont he digestive rate of animal ration’s coarse cellulose inbamboo powder: concentrates andbamboo: concentrates by man-fed Giant pandas at Fuzhou Giant Panda Research Center in the attempt to find out effective ways to raise the digestive and absorptive rates of coarse cellulose and to prevent giant panda from intestinal obstruction. The results demonstrate: 1. The difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose betweenbamboo powder: concentrates andbamboo: concentrates is extremely significant (t=15.73>t0.01 (4,3)=3.57).2. The digestive rate of coarse cellulose in bamboo powder made of different bamboo species, is not notably different. (F=2.05<F 0.05 (2,8)=4.46) 3. In the experiment group, there exists no notable difference in digestive rate of coarse cellulose of bamboo powder among mdividuals (P<0.01). The experiment shows that if giant panda is fed with mechanically ground bamboo combined with concentrates of balanced nutrients, the digestive rate of coarse cellulose in the rations can be favorably increased, thus the effective utilization of bamboo as a line of the animal’s feed and the raising feeding returns can be made more effective. The effects of bamboo powder on Giant pandas digestive organs and digestive physiology, digestive rate of coarse cellulose of different bamboo species, the difference in digestive functions among individual Giant Panda needs further studies.
Winter food constitution and favorite level of domestic sheep were studied with the microhistological analysis technique of feces in Hulunbeir Grassland. some problems were inquired into, such as the quality state of local herbage resource, improvement of pasture, rational use of herbage, etc. The results showed that the staple food of domestic sheep in winter was Gramineae, which made up 73.3 percent of the total foraging species. Fabaceae was second, 11.6 per cent. Composite took third place, 7.4 per cent. The proportion of other species were very small.
The paper summarized the life cycle, environmental features and distributions ofLarix origination in Japan. The time of blooming and fruiting and the ways of cone collection and seeds storage were introduced. The treating methods of seeds germination and the sowing time for both Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Carr) and Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii var.japonica Pilger) were discussed.
The computer image processing technology was used to accomplish the feature extraction of defect images on wood surface. By calculation of gray values of defects. three feature data which are useful to identify the defects have been achieved. The experiment indicates that this way is effective to the automation recognition of the defects on wood surface.
Comparison method and video-tape recorders were used in case study for recording the operation performances of two group operator. The time span was 7 months, from September to March. The performance of operations in September was taken as references. The results of test survey and data analysis showed that the tree-felling operation efficiency was influenced by cold weather, properly decreased 18.5% in average.
XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) spectrometer EscA-750 was used to analyse the surface character of activated carbon, magnetic reagent and magnetic activated carbon. The distribution and change of C valence of them were determined. The conclusion is that the magnetic reagent could be adsorbed on the surface of activated carbon chemically. the interpretation of adsorptive mechanism of magnetic reagent in microstructure was discussed.