Salinity-induced stress responses in mangrove forests: a review of physiological and electrophysiological perspectives

Abstract

Generally, mangrove forests in tropical and subtropical coastal areas can resist extreme salinity environments and prolonged waterlogging conditions. However, these ecosystems now face different problems such as sea-level rise, climate change, and human activities, which lead to habitat degradation. This review examines the understanding of the physiological and electrophysiological mechanisms of true mangroves that enable them to tolerate such abiotic stresses. Osmoregulation, selective ion uptake, ion compartmentalization and maintenance of ionic homeostasis are the key physiological adaptations of mangroves. While electrophysiological parameters are membrane potential regulation, ion fluxes are more dynamic to plant stress responses, serving as a complement to traditional physiological indicators. Both physiological and electrophysiological approaches not only capture inherent information on plant cells and vacuole capacity but also expose differential salt tolerance mechanisms among true mangrove species. This study supports sustainable coastal management practices and highlights salt tolerance mechanisms among mangrove species based on physiological and electrophysiological parameters.

Keywords

Mangrove adaptation / Physiological and electrophysiological response / Salinity stress / Barnacle interactions / Climate change impacts

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