Uncover the forest therapy and nature-related intervention forms: a systematic review

Abstract

In the context of the increasing mental health-related issues and a growing disconnection from nature in modern societies, a systematic review has been conducted to investigate the types, patterns, and demographic relevance of Forest Therapy and Nature-related Interventions (FTNRIs) across diverse populations over the most recent two decades. The emerging research interest in the benefits of these interventions motivates us to classify them into nature-based and non-nature-based interventions with eight sub-types based on the attributes of the included activities, ranging from traditional nature-related intervention approaches (Therapies and Healing Programs) to technology-related interventions (Digital/Virtual Nature Experience), encompassing forest walking, gardening, meditation, digital simulations, and educational nature courses. The utilization patterns among different age groups have been identified. For instance, therapies and healing programs are predominantly utilized by middle-aged to older adults, while younger generations more frequently engage in nature-based recreational activities and passive nature exposure. The review emphasizes the need for guideline methodologies to enhance the applicability and effectiveness of these interventions for different demographics. Additionally, it underscores the necessity for more vigorous research to establish the effectiveness of specific interventions and suggests future research directions for holistic approaches to health and well-being through nature engagements.

Keywords

Forest therapy / Nature-related intervention / Physical and psychological health / Preventive medicine / Systematic review

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