Changes in soil bioavailable phosphorus fractions and their associations with fungal communities vary with forest type after Phyllostachys edulis invasion

Abstract

Moso bamboo [Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz.] expansion into adjacent forests affects plant species diversity and associations with soil microorganisms, which will likely have significant impacts on soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability. However, our understanding of how moso bamboo invasion changes soil P bioavailability and its linkage with fungal communities, particularly during expansion into different native forest types, remains limited. Here, we compared soil acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, available P (AP) content, four bioavailable P fractions (CaCl₂-P, citrate-P, enzyme-P and HCl-P), and fungal community composition among stands of moso bamboo forest (BF), bamboo-broadleaf mixed forest (MLF), bamboo-coniferous mixed forest (MCF), adjacent evergreen broadleaf forest and coniferous forest (CF). Our results indicate that moso bamboo invasion significantly altered bioavailability of soil P. Specifically, its invasion into CFs significantly increased the AP, CaCl₂-P, citrate-P, and HCl-P and reduced soil ACP activity, whereas enzyme-P content significantly increased in the MCF. In contrast, its invasion into broadleaf forests significantly reduced soil enzyme-P content and ACP activity and increased HCl-P content, whereas citrate-P content did not change. In the MLF, the contents of AP and CaCl₂-P significantly decreased after the invasion. The invasion also reshaped the composition of soil fungal communities; fungal biomass increased by 128.92% in broadleaf forests compared to 65.67% in the CF. The beta diversity and biomass of soil fungal communities in the CF invaded by moso bamboo were significantly correlated with various P forms, such as AP, citrate-P, and HCl-P, whereas in the BF, they were only significantly correlated with soil ACP activity. These findings demonstrate that the divergent responses of soil P fractions and fungal community traits are primarily driven by the forest type preinvasion, highlighting the importance of baseline ecosystem characteristics in predicting invasion outcomes.

Keywords

Bamboo invasion / Soil P bioavailability / Fungal community / Forest type

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