Diverse responses of fungal functional groups to desertification in forest soils of Pinus densata on the Chinese Tibetan plateau

Abstract

Rapid increase in desertification is an environmental concern, especially for the health and sustainability of ecosystems in changing climates. How ecosystems respond to such changes may be partially understood by studying interactions and performance of critically important groups such as soil fungi functional groups. This study investigated variations in diversities of three soil fungi functional guilds (saprotrophic, symbiotic, pathogenic) and influencing abiotic factors in a Pinus densata forest on the southeast Tibetan Plateau where desertification is intense. The results indicate desertification significantly decreased the proportion of dominant fungal guild-symbiotic fungi (mean relative abundance decreasing from 97.0% to 68.3%), in contrast to saprotrophic fungi (increasing from 2.7% to 25.7%) and pathogenic (from 0.3% to 5.9%). Soil pH had the most significant impact on fungal community structure and negatively correlated with symbiotic fungal richness, which was significantly lower in arid soils, and positively correlated with saprotrophic and pathogenic fungal alpha-diversity, which were abundant. Different community structures and regulators of the three fungi communities were observed, with pH, total phosphorus and ammonium (NH₄ ⁺) as the main determinants. This study links the biotic and abiotic components during desertification and the interactions between them, and may be used as indicators of ecosystem health and for amendments to mitigate the effects of a changing climate.

Keywords

Desertification / Fungal diversity / Saprotrophs / Ectomycorrhizal fungi / Climate change