Identification of pests and assessment of their damage on Carapa procera and Lophira lanceolata in Burkina Faso, West Africa

Abstract

Nontimber forest products are a source of income for women in rural African communities. However, these products are frequently damaged by insect pests. The present study investigates the diversity and damage rates of insect pests that attack Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. The experiment was set up in western Burkina Faso and, for C. carapa, consisted of pests collected from seeds that had fallen to the ground and from stockpiled seeds. For L. lanceolata, pests were collected from fruits on the trees, and on the ground. The collected samples were sent to the laboratory to estimate the proportion of damaged seeds/fruits and rear the insects. The results showed that Ephestia spp., Tribolium castaneum, Oryzeaphilus spp., and Tenebroides mauritanicus were the pests of Carapa procera seeds and Lophira lanceolata fruits. Ephestia spp. was recorded as the main pest of both C. procera and L. lanceolata, whereas T. castaneum was only detected from seeds of L. lanceolata. For C. procera, the stocks were the most infested (29 %) by Ephestia spp. The infestation rate of fruits of L. lanceolata by Ephestia spp. on trees (31.42 ± 3.75 %) was less than the rate of fruits by T. castaneum on the ground (44.00 ± 3.5 %). The different body sizes of Ephestia spp. may indicate the occurrence of two putative species, one from C. procera and another one from L. lanceolata. This work provides important information that could contribute to the setting up of a local-scale sustainable management framework for oil tree pests in Burkina Faso and surrounding countries.

Keywords

Insect diversity / Carapa procera / Lophira lanceolata / Ephestia spp. / Pest management

References

[1] Boffa JM. Les parcs agro forestiers en Afrique subsaharienne, 2000, Italie: Cahier FAO conservation Rome.

[2] Brock JP. A systematic study of the genus Ophion in Britain (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae). Tijdschr Entomol, 1982, 125: 57-97.

[3] Degri MM, Zainab JA. A study of insect pest infestations on stored fruits and vegetables in the north eastern Nigeria. Int J Sci Nat, 2013, 4(4): 646-650.

[4] Fontes J, Guinko S. Vegetation and land use’s map of Burkina Faso, Explanatory Note, 1995, Toulouse: Ministry of French Cooperation, 67

[5] Gauld ID, Bolton B (eds).1988. The Hymenoptera. British Museum (Natural History)

[6] Gnoumou A, Bognounou F, Hahn K, Thiombiano A. 2011. Woody plant diversity and stand structure in the Comoe-Leraba Reserve, Southwestern Burkina Faso (West Africa). J Biol Sci.1–13

[7] GRDC. 2011. Stored grain pests identification. The back pocket guide,17 pp

[8] Gupta VK. The Ichneumonidae of the Jndo-Australian area (Hymenoptera). Mem Am Entomol Inst, 1987, 41: 1-1210.

[9] Lale NES. Stored product entomology and Acarology in Tropical Africa, 2002, Nigeria: Mole Publication (Nig) Maiduguri 204 pp

[10] Mound I. 1989. Common pests on stored food products. Economics series 15, 7th edition, London, p 152

[11] Ouedraogo A, Lykke AM, Lankoande B, Korbeogo G. Potential for promoting oil products identified from traditional knowledge of native trees in Burkina Faso. Ethnobot Res Appl, 2013, 11: 71-83.

[12] Sambaré O, Bognounou F, Wittig R, Thiombiano A. Woody species composition, diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso. J For Res, 2011, 22: 145-158.

[13] SAS, Institute Inc. STATVIEW pour Windows, Version 5.0 SAS Institute. Cary, NC, USA, 1992-1998

[14] Schmidt L. (1998) Insects of forest seed. Technical Note 51. Danida Forest Seed Centre, Denmark

[15] Traoré L, Ouédraogo I, Ouédraogo A, Thiombiano A. Perceptions, usages et vulnérabilité des ressources végétales ligneuses dans le Sud-Ouest du Burkina Faso. Int J Biol Chem Sci, 2011, 5(1): 258-278.

[16] Tschopp A, Riedel M, Kropf C, Nentwig W, Klopfstein S. The evolution of host associations in the parasitic wasp genus Ichneumon (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae): convergent adaptations to host pupation sites. BMC Evol Biol, 2013, 13: 74.

[17] Walter E 2002. Urban Entomology Pests of stored food products. California division of agricultural sciences, 275–309

[18] Williams JO, Otitodun OG, Okunade SO. Insect attack on stored dried tomato. Trop Sci, 2002, 42(1): 20-27.

[19] Zizka A, Thiombiano A, Dressler A, Nacoulma BMI, Ouédraogo A, Ouédraogo I, Ouédraogo O, Zizka G, Hahn K, Schmidt M. Traditional plant use in Burkina Faso (West Africa): a national-scale analysis with focus on traditional medicine. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 2015, 11(9): 1746-4269.