Biochemical investigations during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration in leaflet explants from nodal segments of a mature Albizia procera tree

Abstract

The in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree differed from that of leaflet explants of seedlings of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. reported previously elsewhere. The leaflet explants from an adult tree passed through an initial callus phase for 30 days on MS medium supplemented with 3 % sucrose, 2.5 µM 2,4-D followed by a subsequent adventitious shoot differentiation phase for another 30 days on half MS medium supplemented with 0.25 µM each of BA and IBA. The regeneration rate of in vitro adventitious shoots in explants from the adult tree, i.e.1.66 shoots/callus, was lower than that from seedlings, i.e. >10 shoots/callus, which was reported elsewhere. Correspondingly, the activities of nitrate reductase and peroxidase, and endogenous phenol content remained very low during in vitro adventitious shoot differentiation in leaflet explants of an adult tree possibly due to lower availability of competent stem (juvenile) cells for the process.

Keywords

Adventitious shoot differentiation / Nitrate reductase activity / Peroxidase activity / Phenol / Soluble sugar

References

[1] Abe J, Hossain ZM, Hizukuri S. Isolation of b-mannase producing microorganism. J Ferment Bioeng, 1994, 3: 259-261.

[2] Afridi MMRK, Hewitt EJ. The Inducible formation and stability of nitrate reductase in higher plants. J Exp Bot, 1964, 15: 251-271.

[3] Ansari SA, Singh S. Genetics difference in adventitious rhizogenesis in Albizia procera Benth. with IBA treatment. J Forest Res, 2008, 13: 79-82.

[4] Ansari SA, Kumar P, Mandal AK. An air layering method for clonal propagation of Albizia procera. Indian Forester, 1998, 124: 354-356.

[5] Ansari SA, Singh S, Kumar P. Promotion of adventitious rhizogenesisin Albizia procera by Potassium permanganate. J Plant Biol, 2002, 128: 35-40.

[6] Bidwell RGS. Plant physiology, 1979 2 New York: Macmillan Publication Company Inc, 644.

[7] Booij I, Monfort S, Macheix JJ. Relationships between peroxidases and budding in date palm tissue cultured in vitro. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult, 1993, 35: 165-171.

[8] Campbell WH (1985) The biochemistry of higher plant nitrate reductase. In: Ludden PW, Burris JE (eds), Nitrogen fixation and CO₂ metabolism. Elsevier Publishers, New York, pp 143–151

[9] Fukuoka H, Ogawa T, Minami H, Yano H, Ohkawa Y. Developmental stage-specific and nitrate- independent regulation of nitrate reductase gene expression in rapeseed. Plant Physiol, 1996, 111: 39-47.

[10] Gabaldón C, López-Serrano M, Pomar F, Merino F, Cuello J, Pedreño MA, Ros Barceló A. Characterization of the last step of lignin biosynthesis in Zinnia elegans suspension cell cultures. FEBS Lett, 2006, 580: 4311-4316.

[11] Gamborg OL, Miller RA, Ojima K. Nutrient requirements of suspension culture of soybean root callus. Exp Cell Res, 1968, 50: 151-158.

[12] Garraway MO, Akhtar M, Wokoma ECW. Effect of high temperature stress on peroxidase activity and Electrolyte leakage in maize in relation to sporulation of Bipolaris maydis Race T. Phytopathology, 1989, 79: 800-805.

[13] Gomez KA, Gomez AA. Statistical procedures for agricultural research. 1984, New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc, 704.

[14] Gyorgyey J, Gartner A, Nemeth K, Magyar Z, Hirt H, Heberle-Bors E, Dudits D. Alfalfa heat shock genes are differentially expressed during somatic embryogenesis. Plant Mol Biol, 1991, 16: 999-1007.

[15] Hewitt EJ, Afridi MMRK. Adaptive synthesis of nitrate reductase in higher plants. Nature, 1959, 183: 57-58.

[16] Huang WL, Liu LF. Carbohydrate metabolism in rice during callus induction and shoot regeneration induced by osmotic stress. Bot Bull Acad Sin, 2002, 43: 107-113.

[17] Jordan M, Iturriaga L, Roveraro C, Goreux A. Promotion of Annona cherimola in vitro shoot morphogenesis as influenced by antioxidants. Gartenbauwissenschaft, 1991, 56: 224-227.

[18] Kanmenge G, Omokolo DN. Changes in phenol content and peroxidase activity during in vitro organogenesis in Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Plant Growth Regul, 2003, 40: 53-57.

[19] Klein AM, Simons BD. Universal patterns of stem cell fate in cycling adult tissues. Development, 2011, 138: 3103-3111.

[20] Kleinhofs A, Warner RL, Navayanan KR. Miflin BJ. Current progress toward an understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of nitrate reductase in higher plants. Oxford surveys of plant molecular and cell biology. 1985, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 91 121

[21] Marton L, Biasini G, Maliga P. Co-segregation of nitrate reductase activity and normal regeneration ability in selfed sibs of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia somatic hybrids, heterozygotes for nitrate reductase deficiency. Theor Appl Genet, 1985, 70: 340-344.

[22] Meyermans H, Morreel K, Lapierre C, Pollet B, De Bruyn A, Busson R, Herdewijn P, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Marita JM, Ralph J, Chen C, Burggraeve B, Van Montagu M, Messens E, Boerjan W. Modification in lignin and accumulation of phenolic glucosides in poplar xylem upon down-regulation of caffeoyl-coenzyme AO-methyltransferase, an enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. J Biol Chem, 2000, 275: 36899-36909.

[23] Mishra Y, Patel PK, Yadav S, Shirin F, Ansari SA. A micropropagation system for cloning of Bambusa tulda Roxb. Sci Hortic, 2008, 115: 315-318.

[24] Murahsige T, Skoog F. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco cultures. Physiol Plant, 1961, 15: 473-497.

[25] Nishimura A, Ashikari M, Lin S, Takashi T, Angeles ER, Yamamoto T, Matsuoka M. Isolation of rice regeneration quantitative trait loci gene and its application to transformation system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2005, 102: 11940-11944.

[26] Parrotta JA (1987) Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. silvics of forest trees of the American tropics. USDA forest service. International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Puerto Rico, p 4

[27] Perrey R, Hauser M-T, Wink M. Cellular and subcellular localization of peroxidase isozymes in plants and cell suspension cultures from Lupinus polyphyllus. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, 1989, 44c: 931-936.

[28] Rai E (2013) Studies on development of in vitro regeneration system for Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth, Ph D Thesis. Dehra Dun: Forest Research Institute (Deemed) University, pp 101–110

[29] Rajeshwari V, Paliwal K (2008) In vitro adventitious shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from seedling explants of Albizia odoratissima L. f. (Benth.). In vitro Cell Dev Biol-Plant 44: 78–83

[30] Roberts MA, Watt MP, Huckett BI (1996) In vitro tobacoo cultures provide a convenient system for investigating nitrate reductase regulation during shoot morphogenesis. Bot Bull Acad Sin 37:51–59

[31] Rout GR, Samantaray S, Das P. Root induction in microshoots of Simaroubaglauca L. in vitro: peroxidase as marker for rooting. Silvae Genet, 1999, 48: 14-17.

[32] Santos AM, Oliver MJ, Sanchez AM, Payton PR, Gomes JP, Miguel C, Oliveira MM. An integrated strategy to identify key genes in almond adventitious shoot regeneration. J Exp Bot, 2009, 60: 4159-4173.

[33] Sarkar AK. 2005. Studies on in vitro related biochemical investigations in Albizia procera Benth, PhD. Forest Research Institute (Deemed) University, Dehradun

[34] Sarkar AK, Ekta R, Syed Naseer S, Sulochna B, Bansal YK, Ansari SA. Changes in enzyme activities, soluble sugars and phenols during in vitro adventitious shoot regeneration from leaflet explants of Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. New Forest, 2010, 3: 323-334.

[35] Sun S-Q, Yan X-F. Nitrate reductase activity and its diurnal variation rhythm for Camptotheca acuminata seedlings. J For Res, 2004, 15: 167-170.

[36] Tsala GN, Omokolo DN, Balange AP (1996) In vitro culture of cocoyam shoot tips: Variation of phenol and protein contents and of peroxidase and IAA- oxidase activities during adventitious bud formation. Plant Peroxidase Newsl 8: 17–24

[37] Vance CP, Griffith SM (1990) The molecular biology of N metabolism. In: Dennis DT, Turpin DH (eds), Plant physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, pp 373–388

[38] Veitch NC (2004) Structural determinants of plant peroxidase function. Phytochem Rev 3:3–18

[39] Venkataramany P (1968) Silviculture of genus Albizia and species. Silviculture of Indian trees. No. 22: Government of India, Delhi