Genetic diversity analysis of Lepidium sativum (Chandrasur) using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Abstract

Lepidium sativum (commonly known as garden cress) belongs to the family Brassicaceae. It is a fast-growing erect, annual herbaceous plant. Its seeds possess significant fracture healing, anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hypoglycemic, nephrocurative and nephroprotective activities. In the present study, we assessed the genetic diversity of various genotypes of L. sativum using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Out of 41 ISSR primers screened, 32 primers showed significant, clear and reproducible bands. A total of 510 amplified bands were obtained using 32 ISSR primers, out of which 422 bands were polymorphic and 88 bands were monomorphic. The percentage of polymorphism was found to be 82. A total of 35 unique alleles ranging insize from 200 to 2,900 bp were observed. Cluster analysis based on unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic mean divided the 18 genotypes into two main clusters, with the first having only HCS-08 genotype of L. sativum and other having all of the other 17 genotypes. The Jaccard similarity coefficient revealed a broad range 32–72 % genetic relatedness among the 18 genotypes.

Keywords

ISSR / Genetic diversity / Polymorphism / Lepidium sativum / Cluster analysis

References

[1] Acharya HS, Sharma V. Molecular characterization of opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) germplasm. Am J Infect Dis, 2009, 5: 155-160.

[2] Bansal D, Bhasin P, Yadav OP, Punia A. Assessment of genetic diversity in Lepidium sativum (Chandrasur) a medicinal herb used in folklore remedies in India using RAPD. J Genet Eng Biotechnol, 2012, 10: 39-45.

[3] Dharmar K, De-Britto AJ. RAPD analysis of genetic variability in wild populatins of Withania somnifera L.) dunal. Int J Biol Technol, 2011, 2: 21-25.

[4] Farajpour M, Ebrahmi M, Reza A, Rasoul G, Sepideh S. Assessment of genetic diversity in Achillea millefolium accessions from Iran using ISSR marker. Biochem Syst Ecol, 2012, 43: 73-79.

[5] Garcia-Vallve S, Palau J, Romeu A. Horizontal gene transfer in glycosyl hydrolases inferred from codon usage in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Mol Biol Evol, 1999, 9: 1125-1134.

[6] Juma AHA. The effects of Lepidium sativum seeds on fracture-induced healing in rabbits. Med Gen Med, 2007, 9 2 23.

[7] Korkovelos AE, Mavromatis AG, Huang WG, Hagidimitriou M, Giakoundis A, Goulas CK. Effectiveness of SSR molecular markers in evaluating the phylogenetic relationships among eight Actinidia species. Sci Hortic, 2008, 116: 305-310.

[8] Kumar J, Mishra GP, Singh H, Srivastava RB, Naik PK. Congruence of inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) and random amplification of polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers in genetic characterization of Artemisia annua in the Trans-Himalayan region. J Med Plants Res, 2011, 5(23): 5568-5576.

[9] Li S, Li J, Yang XL, Cheng Z, Zhang WJ. Genetic diversity and differentiation of cultivated ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) populations in North-east China revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Genet Resour Crop Evol, 2011, 58(6): 815-824.

[10] Maier UH, Gundlach H, Zenk MH. Seven imidazole alkaloids from Lepidium sativum. Phytochemistry, 1998, 49(6): 1791-1795.

[11] Mali RG, Mahajan SG, Mehta AA. Lepidium sativum (Garden cress): a review of contemporary literature and medicinal properties. Orient Pharm Exp Med, 2007, 7(4): 331-335.

[12] Mukhopadhyay D, Parihar SS, Chauhan JS, Preeti Joshi SC. Effect of temperature and desiccation on seed viability of Lepidium sativum L. N Y Sci J, 2010, 3: 34-36.

[13] Murray MG, Thompson WF. Rapid isolation of high molecular weight plant DNA. Nucleic Acids Res, 1980, 8: 4321-4325.

[14] Ottai MES, Mostafa EAH, Ibrahim MM. Hereditary performance of three Lepidium sativum cultivars in Egypt. Aust J Basic Appl Sci, 2012, 6(3): 169-175.

[15] Pande D, Malik S, Bora M, Srivastava PS. A rapid protocol for in vitro micropropagation of Lepidium sativum Linn. and enhancement in the yield of Lepidine. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant, 2002, 38: 451-455.

[16] Paranjape AN, Mehta AA. A study on clinical efficacy of Lepidium sativum seeds in treatment of bronchial asthma. Iran J Pharmacol Ther, 2006, 5: 55-59.

[17] Rahimmalek M, Sayed Tabatabaei BE, Arzani A, Etermadi N. Assessment of genetic diversity among and within Achillea species using AFLP. Biochem Syst Ecol, 2009, 37: 354-361.

[18] Saghai-Maroof MA, Soliman KM, Jorgensen RA, Allard RW. Ribosomal DNA spacer-length polymorphisms in barley. Mendelian inheritance, chromosomal location and population dyanamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1984, 81: 8014-8018.

[19] Sarwat M, Das S, Srivastava PS. Analysis of genetic diversity through AFLP, SAMPL, ISSR and RAPD markers in Tribulus terrestris, a medicinal herb. Plant Cell Rep, 2008, 27: 519-528.

[20] Singh BK, Thakur AK, Rai PK. Genetic diversity and relationships in wild species of Brassica and allied genera as revealed by cross-transferable genomic STMS marker assays. Aust J Crop Sci, 2012, 6(5): 815-821.

[21] Souframanien J, Gopalakrishna T. A comparative analysis of genetic diversity in blackgram genotypes using RAPD and ISSR markers. Theor Appl Genet, 2004, 109: 1687-1693.

[22] Wang XM, Hou XQ, Zhang YQ, Yang R, Feng SF, Ren Y. Genetic diversity of the endemic and medicinally important plant Rheum officinale as revealed by inter-simpe sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Int J Mol Sci, 2012, 13: 3900-3915.

[23] Xu Q, Wen XP, Deng XX. A simple protocol for isolating genomic DNA from chestnut rose (Rosa roxburghiiTratt) for RFLP and PCR Analyses. Plant Mol Biol Rep, 2004, 22: 301a-301g.

[24] Yadav YC, Srivastav DN, Seth AK, Saini V, Yadav KS. Nephropharmacological activity of ethanolic extract Lepidium sativum L. Seeds in albino rats using cisplatin induced acute renal failure. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res, 2010, 4(3): 64-68.

[25] Zhang FS, Lü YL, Dong HL, Guo SX. Analysis of genetic stability through intersimple sequence repeats molecular markers in micropropagated plantlets of Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA, a medicinal plant. Biol Pharm Bull, 2010, 33(3): 384-388.

[26] Zietkiewicz E, Rafalski A, Labuda D. Genome fingerprinting by simple sequence repeat (SSR)-anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification. Genomics, 1994, 20: 176-183.