Paederia foetida — a promising ethno-medicinal tribal plant of northeastern India

Abstract

The northeastern region of India constitutes one of the biodiversity hotspots of the world. The ethnic groups inhabiting this region practice their distinctive traditional knowledge systems using biodiversity for food, shelter and healthcare. Among the less-studied plants, Paederia foetida has been used by various ethnic tribes as food and medicine. Many of its therapeutic properties relate to the gastrointestinal system and suggest its potential utility for gastrointestinal ailments. This is a review of the ethnobotanical uses, phytochemistry and therapeutic properties of P. foetida compiled from various reports. P. foetida is promising as a remedy for life-style related conditions, especially treatment of ulcers. Its utility highlights the need for proper evaluation of tribal plants as medicines and the species could be considered for development of new drugs.

Keywords

Paederia foetida / Tribal medicine / ethnobotany / phytochemistry / therapeutic / ulcer

References

[1] Afroz S, Almgir M, Khan MT, Jabbar S, Nahar N, Choudhuri MS. Antidiarrhoeal activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida Linn. (Rubiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2006, 21: 125-130.

[2] Agrawal A, Gibson CC. Enchantment and disenchantment: the role of community in natural resource conservation. World Development, 1999, 27: 629-649.

[3] Ahmed MU, Islam MR, Khan EHMW, Gupta S. Chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Paederia foetida Linn. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 1991, 15: 19-22.

[4] Amin I, Tan SH. Antioxidant activity of selected commercial seaweeds. Malays. Journal of Nutrition, 2002, 8: 167-177.

[5] Anand P, Kunnumakkara AB, Kunnumakara AB, Sudaram S, Harikumar KB, Tharakan ST, Lai OS, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. Cancer is a preventable disease that requires major life style changes. Pharmaceutical Research, 2008, 25: 2097-2116.

[6] Andlauer W, Furst P. Antioxidative power of phytochemicals with special reference to cereals. Cereal Foods World, 1998, 43: 356-360.

[7] Anonymous. 2001. The Wealth of India. Raw material Vol VII. New Delhi: National Institute of Science Communication CSIR, p. 210–211.

[8] Anonymous. 2009. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India. Vol II. Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Dept of Ayush, Govt. of India, p. 145–148.

[9] Anonymous. 2010. Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants Vol 8. New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research, pp. 220–231.

[10] Asad M, Prasad K, Thomas L, Kamath JV. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Sudard — A poly herbal formulation. Indian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2007, 6: 71-75.

[11] Atta AH, Mouneir SM. Antidiarrhoeal activity of some Egyptian medicinal plant extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2004, 92: 303-309.

[12] Bardhan P, Faruque ASG, Naheed A, David AS. Decreasing Shigellosis-related Deaths without Shigella spp. Interventions, Asia. Emerging Infectious Disease, 2010, 16: 1718-1723.

[13] Barua U, Hore DK, Sarma R. Wild edible plants of Majuli island and Darraug districts of Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6: 191-194.

[14] Basumatary SK, Ahmed M, Deka SP. Some medicinal plant leaves used by Boro (Tribal) people of Goalpara district, Assam. Natural Product Radiance, 2004, 3: 88-90.

[15] Borah PK, Gogoi P, Phukan AC, Mahanta J. Traditional medicine in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in upper Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2006, 5: 510-512.

[16] Bose PK, Banerjee AK, Chandrachur G. Chemical investigation of pf. Transactions of the Bose Research Institute, 1955 77 78

[17] Braton M. The politics of government-NGO relation in Africa. World Development, 1989, 17: 569-587.

[18] Chakraborty R, De B, Devanna N, Sen S. Ethnic-East India and Ethnic storehouse of unexplored medicinal plants. Journal of Natural Product and Plant Resource, 2012, 2: 143-152.

[19] Chanda S, De B, Tiwari RK. Choudhury MD, Sharma GD, Choudhury S, Talukdar AD. Traditional and ethnobotanical investigation of some edible plants among the tribes of Tripura, India. Status and conservation of bio-diversity in North East India. 2011, Delhi: Swastik publication, 118 124

[20] Chaturvedi GN, Singh RH. Experimental studies on the anti arthritic effect of certain indigenous drugs. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 1965, 53: 71-80.

[21] Chhetri DR, Parajuli P, Subba GC. Antidiabetic plants used by Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayan tribes, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005, 99: 199-202.

[22] Chopra RN, Chopra IC, Verma BS. Supplement to glossary of Indian medicinal plants. 1969, New Delhi: CSIR, 1976.

[23] Chopra RN, Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. 1956, NewDelhi: CSIR, 184.

[24] Costa-Lotufo LV, Khan MTH, Arjumand A. Studies of the anticancer potential of plants used in Bangladeshi folk medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2005, 99: 21-30.

[25] Das P. Wild tribal plants of Tripura tribes. 1997, Agartala: Tripura Tribal Cultural Research Institute & Museum Government of Tripura, 57 58

[26] Das UN. Hypothesis: cis-unsaturated fatty acids as potential anti-peptic ulcer drugs. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 1998, 58: 377-380.

[27] Dasgupta N, De B. Antioxidant activity of some leafy vegetables of India: A comparative study. Food Chemistry, 2007, 101: 471-474.

[28] De S, Dave KK, Bhavsar GC. Fatty acid compositions of Gymnosporia montana and Paederia foetida leaves. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 1993, 55: 110-112.

[29] De S, Ravishankar B, Bhavsar GC. Evaluation of Paederia foetida for Hepatoprotective and Anti-inflammatory Activities. Indian Journal of Natural. Product, 1993, 9: 7-10.

[30] De S, Ravishankar B, Bhavsar GC. Investigation of the antiinflammatory effects of Paederia foetida. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1994, 43: 31-38.

[31] De S, Shukla VJ, Ravishankar B, Bhavsar GC. A preliminary study on the hepatoprotective activity of methanol extract of Paederia foetida leaf. Fitoterapia, 1996, 67: 106-109.

[32] Dey YN, Pal MK. Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of leaves of Paederia foetida. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences, 2011, 2: 227-231.

[33] Dhar ML, Dhar MM, Dhawan BN, Mehrotra BN, Ray C. Screening of Indian Plants for Biological Activity: Part I. Indian Journal of Experimental Boilogy, 1968, 6: 432-447.

[34] Dutta BK, Dutta PK. Potential of ethnobotanical studies I North East India: An overview. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2005, 4: 7-17.

[35] Global invasive species database. Paederia foetida, 2012

[36] Haider R, Khan AK, Aziz KM, Chaudhuri A, Kabir I. Evaluation of indigenous plants in the treatment of acute shigellosis. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 1991, 43: 266-270.

[37] Holmes EM. Malay Materia Medica. Bull. Pharm, 1892, 6: 108-117.

[38] Hossain M, Mohammad SA, Saha A, Alimuzzaman M. Antinociceptive activity of whole plant extracts of Paederia foetida. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006, 5: 67-69.

[39] Hynniewta SR, Kumar Y. Herbal remedies among the Khasi traditional healers and village folks in Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2008, 7: 581-586.

[40] Jamir NS, Takatemjen Limasemba. Traditional knowledge of Lotha Naga tribes in Wokha district, Nagaland. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2010, 9: 45-48.

[41] Jasmine TS. Wild edible plants of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6: 410-426.

[42] Kagyung R, Gajurel PR, Rethy P, Singh B. Ethnomedicinal plants used for gastrointestinal disease by Adi tribes of Dehang-Debang Biosphere Reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2010, 9: 496-501.

[43] Kalita D, Deb B. Folk medicines for some diseases prevalent in Lakhimpur district of Brahmaputra valley, Assam. Natural Product Radiance, 2006, 5: 319-322.

[44] Kalita D, Phukan B. Some Ethnomedicine used by the tai Ahom of Dibrugarh district, Assam India. Indian Journal of Natural Product and Resources, 2010, 1: 507-511.

[45] Kapadia GJ, Shukla YN, Bose AK, Fujiwara H, Lloyd HA. Revised structure of paederoside, a novel monoterpene S-methyl thiocarbonate. Tetrahedron Letters, 1979, 22: 1937-1938.

[46] Kar A, Borthakur SK. Wild vegetables of Karbi-Analog district, Assam. Product Radiance, 2008, 7: 448-460.

[47] Kar A, Borthakur SK. Medicinal plants used against dysentery, diarrhea and cholera by the tribes of erstwhile Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh. Natural Product Radiance, 2008, 7: 176-181.

[48] Kayang H. Tribal Knowledge on wild edible plants of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6: 177-181.

[49] Kumar V, Gogoi BJ, Meghvansi MK, Singh L, Srivastava RB, Deka DC. Determining the antioxidant activity of certain medicinal plants of sonitpur, (Assam), India using DPPH assay. Journal of Phytology, 2009, 1: 49-56.

[50] Liu J. Pharmacology of oleanolic acid and ursolic acid. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 1995, 49: 57-68.

[51] Mao AA, Hynniewta TM, Sanjappa M. Plant wealth of Northeast India with reference to ethnobotany. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2009, 8: 96-103.

[52] Nadkarni KM. The Indian Materia Medica. 1982, Bombay: Popular Prakashan Pvt Ltd, 893.

[53] Nosalova G, Mokry J, Ather A, Khan MTH. Antitussive Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae family) in Non-Anaesthetized Cats. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2007, 76: 27-33.

[54] Onasanwo SA, Singh N, Olaleye SB, Mishra V, Palit G. Anti-ulcer & antioxidant activities of Hedranthera barteri {(Hook F.) Pichon} with possible involvement of H+, K+ ATPase inhibitory activity. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2010, 132: 442-449.

[55] Osman H, Afidah AR, Norhafizah MI, Nornaemah MB. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Paederia foetida and Syzygium aqueum. Molecules, 2009, 14: 970-978.

[56] Pfoze NL, Kumar Y, Myrboh B. Survey and assessment of ethnomedicinal plants used in Senapati District of Manipur State, Northeast India. Phytopharmacology, 2012, 2: 285-311.

[57] Pilgrim SE, Smith D, Pretty J. A cross-regional quantitative assessment of the factors affecting ecoliteracy: policy and practice implications. Ecological applications, 2007, 17: 1742-1751.

[58] Prakash V, Mishra PK, Mishra M. Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2009, 3: 608-612.

[59] Purkayastha J, Nath SC. Biological activities of Ethnomedicinal claims of some plant species of Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2006, 5: 229-236.

[60] Rajashekhara N, Sharma PP, Vasanth P. Comparative study of Merremia tridentata Hallier.f. (Convulvulaceae) and Paederia foetida (Rubiaceae) in Amavata (Rheumatoid arthritis). Ayu, 2009, 30: 503-507.

[61] Raju MS. Vegetable Drugs in Basavarajeeyam. Ancient Science of Life, 2001, 20: 31-50.

[62] Ravi V, Saleem TSM, Patel SS, Raamamurthy J, Gauthaman K. Antiinflammatory effect of methanolic extract of Solanum nigrum Linn berries. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 2009, 2: 33-36.

[63] Reddy KN, Pattanaik C, Reddy CS, Raju VS. Traditional knowledge on wild food plants in Andhra Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6: 223-229.

[64] Rice-Evans C, Miller N, Paganga G. Antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds. Trends in Plant Science, 1997, 2: 152-159.

[65] Roychoudhury GK, Chakrabarty AK, Dutta B. A preliminary observation on the effects of Paederia foetida on gastric-intestinal helminthes in bovines. The Indian Veterinary Journal, 1970, 47: 767-769.

[66] Samy J, Sugumaran M, Lee KLW. Herbs of Malasia. 2005, Malasia: Federal Publications Sdn Bhd, 178 179

[67] Sarmah TR, Adhikari D, Majumdar M, Arunachalan A. Raditional medicobotany of chakma community residing in the Northwestern periphery of Namdapha National park in Arunachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2008, 7: 587-593.

[68] Shukla YN, Lloyd HA, Morton JF, Kapadia G. Iridoid glycosides and other constituents of Paederia foetida. Phytochemistry, 1976, 15: 1989-1990.

[69] Singh H, Krishna G, Baske PK. Plants used in the treatment of joint diseases (rheumatism, arthritis, gout and lumbago) in Mayurbhanj district of Odisha, India. Report and Opinion, 2010, 2: 22-26.

[70] Singh RH. Anti Arthritic Effect of Some Indian Plants, 1970 57.

[71] Singh RK, Srivastava RC, Mukherjee TK. Community based sustainable natural resources management and development in Northeast India. Current Science, 2009, 96: 19-21.

[72] Singh S, Bani S, Khajuria A, Sharma ML, Singh GB. Antiinflammatory activity of Paederia foetida. Fitoterapia, 1994, 65: 357-362.

[73] Srianta I, Arisasmita JH, Patria HD, Epriliati I. Ethnobotany, nutritional composition and DPPH radical scavenging of leafy vegetables of wild Paederia foetida and Erechtites hieracifolia. International Food Research Journal, 2012, 19: 245-250.

[74] Srivastava MC, Tewari JP, Kant V. Anti-inflammatory activity of an indigenous plant — Paederia foetida (Gandhali). Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 1973, 27: 231-234.

[75] Srivastava RC, Singh RK. Apatani community, Mukherjee TK. Indigenous biodiversity of Apatani plateau: Learning on biocultural knowledge of Apatani tribe of Arunachal Pradesh for sustainable live hoods. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2010, 9: 432-442.

[76] Swiderska K. Banishing the biopirates: a new approach to protecting traditional knowledge. Gatekeeper series IIED, 2006, 129: 1-18.

[77] Tangjang S, Namsa ND, Aran C, Litin A. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in the Eastern Himalayas zone of Arunachal pradesh, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011, 134: 18-25.

[78] Tripathi VJ, Dasgupta BJ. Neutral constituents of Paederia foetida. Journal of the Indian Chemical Society, 1974, 51(12): 1057-1057.

[79] Turner NJ, Turner KL. Traditional food systems, erosion and renewal in Northwestern North America. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2007, 6: 57-68.

[80] Uddin B, Nahar T, Basunia MA, Hossain S. Paederia foetida protects liver against hepatotoxin -induced oxidative damage. Advances in Biological Research, 2011, 5: 267-272.

[81] Upadhyaya S, Khatiwora E, Saikia LR. Mineral elements analysis of selected ethnomedicinally valued plants from Assam, India. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 2010, 22: 4330-4334.

[82] Wannang NN, Anuka JA, Kwanashie HO, Gyang SS, Auta A. Antiseizure activity of the aqueous leaf extract of Solanum nigrum linn (solanaceae) in experimental animals. African Health Sciences, 2008, 8: 74-79.

[83] Wong KC, Tan GL. Steam volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Paederia foetida L. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 1994, 9: 25-28.

[84] Yang LL, Yen KY, Kiso Y, Kikino H. Antihepatotoxic actions of Formosan plant drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmcology, 1987, 19: 103-110.

[85] Zheng W, Wang SY. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in selected herbs. J Agric Food Chem, 2001, 49: 5165-5170.