Growing stock variation in different teak (Tectona grandis) forest stands of Mizoram, India

Abstract

The growing stock assessment of three different teak forest stands (Tuirial: 500 m asl, Sairang: 200 m asl and Phunchawng: 550 m asl) was done in 2006 in Mizoram, India. Five diameter classes were arbitrarily established for knowing the volume attribute data and population structure, viz. a (10–20 cm), b (20–30 cm), c (30–40 cm), d (40–50 cm), and e (50–60 cm). Results revealed that the density of the individuals among the studied stands varied from 280 stems/ha to 620 stems/ha. The average diameter of all the individuals ranged between 27.48 cm and 35.43 cm. Similarly, the average height was oscillated between 17.87 m and 22.24 m. The total basal area was recorded between 24.28 m²·ha⁻¹ and 45.80 m²·ha⁻¹. The maximum and minimum values of total growing stock under all the diameter classes were 669.01 m³·ha⁻¹ and 284.7 m³·ha⁻¹, respectively. The representation of population structure of different stands explained that the perpetuation of this species was ensured for a quite long time.

Keywords

basal area / growing stock / population structure / stand density

References

[1] Bailleres H., Durand P.Y. Non-destructive techniques for wood quality assessments of plantation-grown teak Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 2000, 263(1): 17-27.

[2] Benton A.H., Warner W.E. Field biology and ecology, 1976 New York: Mc Graw Hill, Inc.

[3] Bermejo I., Cañellas I., San Miguel A. Growth and yield models for teak plantations in Costa Rica For Ecol Manage, 2004, 189: 97-110.

[4] Bhat K.M. A note on heartwood proportion and wood density of 8-year-old teak Indian Forester, 1995, 121(6): 514-516.

[5] Bhat K.M. Timber quality of teak from managed tropical plantations with special reference to Indian plantations Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 2000, 263(1): 6-15.

[6] Bhat K.M., Hwan O. Ma. Teak growers unite ITTO Tropical Forest Update, 2004, 14(1): 3-5.

[7] Bhatt A., Sharma C.M., Khanduri V.P. Growing stock variations in different Cedrus deodara forests of Garhwal Himalaya Indian Forester, 2002, 128(8): 903-916.

[8] Brennan G.K., Radomiljac A.M. Preliminary observations on the utilization and wood properties of plantation teak (Tectona grandis) and African mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) grown near Kununurra, Western Australia Australian Forestry, 1998, 61(2): 120-126.

[9] Brown S., Schroeder P., Birdsey R. Aboveground biomass distribution of US eastern hardwood forests and the use of large trees as an indicator of forest development For Ecol Manage, 1997, 94: 37-47.

[10] Champion H.G., Seth S.K. A revised survey of the forest types of India, 1968 New Delhi: Govt. of India Publ.

[11] Cochran W.G. Sampling Techniques, 1977 Third Edition New York: John Wiley and Sons

[12] Corona P., Marziliano P.A., Scotti R. Top-down growth modeling: a prototype for poplar plantation in Italy Forest Ecol Manage, 2002, 161: 65-73.

[13] Curtis J.T., McIntosh R.P. The interrelation of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters Ecology, 1950, 31: 434-455.

[14] Curtis J.T., McIntosh R.P. An upland forest continum in the prairie-forest border region of Wisconsin Ecology, 1951, 32: 476-496.

[15] Fang J.Y., Wang G.G., Liu G.H., Xu S.L. Forest biomass of China: An estimate based on the biomass-volume relationship Ecol Appl, 1998, 8(4): 1084-1091.

[16] Fang J.Y., Chen A., Peng C., Zhao S., Chi L. Changes in forest biomass carbon storage in China between 1949 and 1998 Science, 2001, 292: 2320-2322.

[17] Forest Survey of India. 1996. Volume Equations for Forests of India, Nepal and Bhutan, Dehradun, India.

[18] Gray HR. 1956. The form and taper of forest trees stems. Imperial Forest Institute, Oxford University, Oxford Inst. Paper No. 32.

[19] Hiratsuka M., Viriyabuncha C., Peawsa-ad K., Janmahasatien S., Akinobu S., Yusuke N., Chika M., Yasuo O., Yasushi M. Tree biomass and soil carbon in 17-and 22-year-old stands of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in northern Thailand Tropics, 2005, 14(4): 377-382.

[20] Hu H., Liu Y., Jiao Y. Estimation of the carbon storage of forest vegetation and carbon emission from forest fires in Heilongjiang Province, China Journal of Forestry Research, 2007, 18(1): 17-22.

[21] Kaosa-ard A. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) — its natural distribution and related factors Natural History Bulletin of the Siam Society, 1981, 19: 55-74.

[22] Knight D. H. A phytosociological analysis of species rich tropical forests on Barro Colorado Island, Panama Ecological Monograph, 1975, 45: 249-259.

[23] Kokutze A.D., Baillères H., Stokes A., Kokou K. Proportion and quality of heartwood in Tongolese teak Forest Ecol Manage, 2004, 189: 37-48.

[24] Kraenzel M., Castillo A., Moore T., Potvin C. Carbon storage of harvest-age teak (Tectona grandis) plantations, Panama Forest Ecol Manage, 2003, 173: 213-225.

[25] Larson P.R. Stem form development of forest trees Forest Science Monograph, 1963, 5: 1-42.

[26] Laurie M.V., Ram B.S. Yield and stand tables for plantation teak Indian Forest Record (n.s.) Silviculture 4-A, No. 1. Dehra Dun, 1939 India: Forest Research Institute

[27] Little S. Weibull diameter distribution for mixed stands of Western conifers. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1983, 13: 85-88.

[28] Longwood FR. 1961. Puerto Rican Woods: Their machining, seasoning and related characteristics. In: Agric. Handbook, U.S. Dep. Agric, 205: III, 98.

[29] Maltamo M., Puumalainen J.R., Paivinen R. Comparison of Beta and Weibull function for modeling basal area diameter distribution in stands of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1995, 10: 284-295.

[30] Misra R. Ecology workbook, 1968 New Delhi, India: Oxford and IBH Publishing Company

[31] Nair M.N.R., Chavan R.R. Dimensional analysis of some wood parameters in eleven timber trees Indian Forester, 1985, 111(6): 410-417.

[32] Nunifu T.K., Murchinson H.G. Provisional yield models of teak (Tectona grandis Linn F.) plantations in northern Ghana For Ecol Manage, 1999, 120: 171-178.

[33] Odum E.P. Fundamentals of Ecology, 1971 Philadelphia: W.B. Sounders Co.

[34] Paivinen R. Estimation of stem-diameter distribution and stand characteristics Folia Forestalia, 1980, 442: 28

[35] Pan Y., Luo T., Birdsey R., Hom J., Melillo J. New estimates of carbon storage and sequestration in China’s forests: Effects of age-class and method on inventory-based carbon estimation Climatic Change, 2004, 67: 211-236.

[36] Pandey D. 1998. Forest plantation areas, 1995. Report of the FAO project GCP/INT/628/UK. 94 p.

[37] Peng C. Growth and yield models for uneven-aged stands: past, present and future For Ecol Manage, 2000, 132: 259-279.

[38] Pérez D. Stand growth scenarios for Tectona grandis plantations in Costa Rica Academic dissertation, 2005 Helsinki: Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki

[39] Potvin C., Whidden E., Moore T. A case study of carbon pool under three different land-uses in Panama Climatic Change, 2004, 67: 291-307.

[40] Priya P.B., Bhat K.M. Influence of rainfall, irrigation and age on the growth periodicity and wood structure in teak (Tectona grandis) IAWA Journal, 1999, 20(2): 181-192.

[41] Reid R., Stephen P. The Farmer’s forest: Multipurpose forestry for Australian farmers, 2001 Birregurra, Australia: Australian Master Tree Grower Inc.

[42] Seth SK, Yadav JSP. 1957. Country Report from India on silviculture and management of teak. Docum. 2nd Session FAO.

[43] Shrestha H.L. Comparative evaluation of multi-spatial resolution sata for timber volume estimation Academic dissertation, 2003 The Netherlands: International Institute for Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, Enschede

[44] Takle G.G., Majumdar R.B. Increasing growth and regeneration of teak Indian Forester, 1956, 82(1): 8-21.

[45] Tewari D.N. A monograph on teak (Tectona grandis), 1992 Dehra Dun, India: International book distributors

[46] Trockenbrodt M., Josue J. Wood properties and utilization potential of plantation teak (Tectona grandis) in Malaysia’ A critical review Journal of Tropical Forest Products, 1998, 5(1): 58-70.

[47] Troup R.S. The silviculture of Indian trees. Vol. II, 1921 Oxford: Clarendon Press

[48] Yamada M, Toma T, Hiratsuka M, Morikawa Y. 2004. Biomass and potential nutrient removal by harvesting in short-rotation plantations. In: Nambiar E KS, Ranger J, Tiarks A, & Toma T. (Eds), Proc. Inter. Workshops on Site Management and Productivity in Tropical Plantation Forests, Congo and China, Pp. 213–226.