Effect of salt stress on activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in Ulmus pumila L.

Abstract

The injury tolerance of cell plasma membrane and the correlative enzymes activities of plasma-membrane protection system in the Ulmus pumila leaves treated by nine concentrations (0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, 2.4%, 3.0%) of Na₂CO₃ and NaHCO₃ mixtures were studied in a greenhouse of Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China. The rate of electrolyte leakage (REL) and SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity in leaves of different samples were determined. Results showed that the REL in leaves of U. pumila presented a slowly increasing trend at the salt concentrations less than 1.5%, which indicated that cell plasma membrane of U. pumila leaves had rather strong resistance to the injury of salt ion, and had a significant increase at the salt concentrations more than 1.5%. The SOD activities in leaves of U. pumila presented an increased trend at salt concentrations less than 1.5%, the growth of seedlings did not decline, and tress and leaves had no symptom of injury, while the salt concentrations exceeded 1.5%, SOD activities sharply decreased and REL increased promptly.

Keywords

Ulmus pumila / Salt stress / Rate of electrolyte leakage (REL) / SOD

References

[1] Alscher R.G., Erturk N., Heath L.S. Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants [J]. J. Exp. Bot., 2002, 53: 1331-1341.

[2] Asada K. The water-water cycle in chloroplasts: scavenging of active oxygen and dissipation of excess photons [J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1999, 50: 601-639.

[3] Bai H., Wang Y. Effects of exogenous proline on SOD and POD of activities for soybean callus under salt stress [J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2002, 17(3): 37-40.

[4] Banerjee B.D., Seth V., Bhattarya A. Biochemical effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free radical scavengers [J]. Toxicol Letters, 1999, 107: 33-47.

[5] Bowler C., Van Montagu M., Inzé D. Superoxide dismutases and stress tolerance [J]. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol., 1992, 43: 83-116.

[6] Breusegem F.V., Vranová E., Dat J.E., Inzé D. The role of active oxygen species in plant signal transduction [J]. Plant Science, 2001, 161: 405-414.

[7] Chen W., Xu L., Shen W., Liu Y. Changes of hydrogen peroxide accumulation and hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme activity in the leaves of two barley species under salt stress [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 1999, 22(2): 97-100.

[8] Dong H. L., Young S. K., Chin B. L. The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) [J]. Journal of Plant Physiology, 2001, 158: 737-745.

[9] Fridovich I. Superoxide dismutases [J]. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol., 1986, 58: 61-79.

[10] Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K. Superoxide dismutase I. Occurrence in higher plants [J]. Plant Physiol., 1977, 59: 309-314.

[11] Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K. Superoxide dismutase II. Purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings [J]. Plant Physiol., 1977, 59: 315-318.

[12] Greenway H., Munne R. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in non-halophytes [J]. Ann Rev Plant Physiol, 1980, 31: 149-190.

[13] Gu W., Liu D., Tian Y. Selective breeding of Ulmus pumila in provenance and family [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1987, 23(4): 415-424.

[14] Halliwell B., Gutteridge J.M.C. Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd ed [M], 1999 New York: Oxford University Press

[15] Hasegawa P., Bressan R. A., Zhu J.K. et al. Plant cellular and molecular response to high salinity Ann Rev Plant Mol Biol, 2000, 51: 463-499.

[16] Hermandwz J.A., Almansa M.S. Short-term effects of salt stress on antioxidant systems and leaf water relations of pea leaves Physiol Plant, 2002, 115(2): 251-257.

[17] Ślesak I., Miszalski Z. Superoxide dismutase-like protein from roots of the intermediate C3-CAM plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. in in vitro culture [J]. Plant Science, 2003, 164: 497-505.

[18] Li J., Zhou Y., Lu S., Li M., Lu L., Ji X. Analysis on the isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) among soybean, cassia obtusifolia and maize seeds [J]. Journal of Henan Normal University (Natural Science), 2002, 30(2): 114-115.

[19] Li W., Yin D., Hu S., Chen L., Wang L. Effects of chloric-nitroanilinated chemicals on antioxidant enzymes in serum of Carassius auratus [J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2002, 22(2): 236-240.

[20] Lin X. Halophyte research in China [M], 2004 Beijing: Science Press 155

[21] Lutts S., Kiner J.M., Bouharmont J. NaCl-induced senescence in leaves of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars differing in salinity resistance [J]. Ann. Bot., 1996, 78: 389-398.

[22] Ma C., Li P., Sun Z. Ten-year results of filial generation test in Ulmus pumila [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 1990, 26(6): 500-505.

[23] Madamanchi N.R., Donahue J.L. et al. Differential response of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutases in two pea cultivars during a short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide [J]. Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 26(1): 95-103.

[24] Mittler R. Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance [J]. Trends Plant Science, 2002, 7(9): 405-410.

[25] Pan D., Zhang J., Yang J. Influence of LaCl3 on activity of Cu, Zn-SOD in soybean [J]. Journal of the Chinese Rare Earth Society, 2003, 21(3): 339-342.

[26] Qu Q., Jia Y., Guo Z., Zhang J., Ye Y. A study on occurrence regularity of Ulmus pumila withered disease [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 1999, 14(2): 45-50.

[27] Raychqudhuri S.S., Deng X.W. The role of superoxide dimutase in combating oxidative stress in higher plants [J]. Bot. Rev., 2000, 66: 89-98.

[28] Sahoo R., Kumar S., Ahuja P.S. Induction of a new isozyme of superoxide dismutase at low temperature in Potentilla astrisanguinea Lodd. Variety argyrophylla (Wall. ex. Lehm) Griers [J]. J. Plant Physiol., 2001, 158: 1093-1097.

[29] Shi D., Wang D. Effects of various salt-alkaline mixed stresses on Aneurolepidium chinense (Trin.) Kitag [J]. Plant and Soil, 2005, 271: 15-26.

[30] Shi L., Zhang Z.J., Zhang C.Y., Zhang J.Z. Effects of sand burial on survival, growth, gas exchange and biomass allocation of Ulmus pumila seedlings in the Hunshandak Sandland, China [J]. Annals Botany, 2004, 94: 553-560.

[31] Sigaud-Kutner T.C.S., Pinto E., Okamoto O.K., Latorre L.R., Colepicolo P. Changes in superoxide dismutase activity and photosynthetic pigment content during growth of marine phytoplankters in batch-cultures [J]. Physiol. Plant, 2002, 114: 566-571.

[32] Slooten L., Van Montagu M., Inzé D. Lindsey K. Manipulation of oxidative stress tolerance in transgenic plants [C] Transgenic plant research, 1998 Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers 241-262.

[33] Solla A., Martin J.A., Corral P., Gil L. Seasonal changes in wood formation of Ulmus pumila and U. minor and its relation with Dutch elm disease [J]. New Phytol., 2005, 166(3): 1025-1034.

[34] Song Fuxian, Zhang Jianguo, Liu Huizhong, Li Feng. 1995. Studies on heredity improvement of the second generation of Ulmus pumila and its selective breeding of new clones [J]. Shandong Forestry Science and Technology, (4): 6–10. (in Chinese)

[35] Sun M., Zhang J., Liu H. Studies on early selection of siberian elm clones [J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University, 1999, 30(2): 113-120.

[36] Wang F., Wang D. Control technique of insect pest for planting species (elm) [J]. Forest By-Product and Specialty in China, 2005, 77(4): 38.

[37] Wang Y., Ying Y., Chen J., Wang X. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing Mn-SOD enhanced salt-tolerance [J]. Plant Science, 2004, 167: 671-677.

[38] Wu G., Meng M., Zhang F. Studies on the provenance trail of Ulmus pumila [J]. J. Shanxi Agric. Uni., 2001, 21(3): 285-287.

[39] Xia Y., Liang H., Shu H., Wang T., Liu D., Fang Y., Chai C. Changes of leaf membrane penetration, proline and mineral nutrient concentrations of young apple tree under NaCl stress [J]. Journal of Fruit Science, 2005, 22(1): 1-5.

[40] Xiong, L.M., Schumaker, K.S., Zhu, J.K. 2002. Cell signaling during cold, drought, and salt stress [J]. Plant Cell, 165–183.

[41] Yan W., Li W., Wu Q. Lanqi Elms (Ulmus pumila) is suitable for plantation in arid grassland [J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry College (Nature Science), 1997, 19(1): 32-35.

[42] Yu Q., Rengel Z. Drought and salinity differentially influence activities of superoxide dismutases in narrow-leafed lupins [J]. Plant Science, 1999, 142: 1-11.

[43] Yu Q., Rengel Z. Micronutrient deficiency influences plant growth and activities of superoxide dismutases in narrow-leafed lupins [J]. Annals of Botany, 1999, 83: 175-182.

[44] Zhang H., Niu Y., Ge H., Jia Y. Introduction of Ulmus pumila L. in hexi area of Gansu [J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2003, 55(2): 10-12.

[45] Zhang J., Sun M., Xia Y., Li G., Hu X. Salt stresses affect proline contents, nitrate reductase activities and electrical conductivity of seedling leaves of megranate and cherry [J]. Journal of Shandong Agricultural University (Natural Science), 2004, 35(2): 164-168.

[46] Zhang Q., Li Y., Pang C., Lu C., Wang baoshan. NaCl enhances thylakoid-bound SOD activity in the leaves of C₃ halophyte Suaeda salsa L. [J]. Plant Science, 2005, 168: 423-430.

[47] Zhang Y., Deng A., Zhuang T., Lin P. Relation between soil salinity in intertidal zone and electric conductivity [J]. Ecology and Environment, 2003, 12(2): 164-165.