Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the microplastics in fishery harbor: occurrence, composition, and potential risks

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are recognized as a global environmental problem with wide-ranging ecological and human health implications. This study evaluated the occurrence, composition, and potential ecological risks of MPs in two fishery harbors in Taoyuan City, Taiwan, comparing data collected before and during the COVID-19 lockdown. MP concentrations generally declined in most sampling sites during the lockdown, yet localized spikes at sampling sites Zhuwei Fishing Harbor (FA)1 and Yongan Fishing Harbor 4 highlight the influence of site-specific activities. Additionally, we observed a shift toward smaller size fractions (25-50 µm) and a predominance of white/transparent fragments, suggesting ongoing plastic weathering and continuous MP inputs. Notably, rayon abundance decreased significantly, indicating reduced textile-related discharges, whereas polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) emerged as key polymers, presumably linked to heightened reliance on delivery services and protective materials. A hazard-based risk assessment revealed that the emergence of PMMA elevated ecological risk at FA, underscoring the complex relationship between anthropogenic behaviors and MP pollution. Our findings emphasize the intricate dynamics of MP distribution and composition under altered socioeconomic conditions, demonstrating that even short-term shifts in human activity can reshape MP assemblages and associated risks. Targeted management strategies, particularly those addressing industrial, fishing, and consumer-sourced plastic inputs, are critical to mitigating the environmental impacts of MP contamination. Further work is needed to pinpoint specific MP sources, refine risk assessments for varying polymer types and sizes, and explore the long-term efficacy of interventions aimed at curbing plastic pollution. Collectively, these results reinforce the urgency of integrated policies and research to safeguard ecosystems.

Keywords

MPs / risk assessment / lockdown / COVID-19 pandemic / pollution characteristics

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