Autonomous Navigation and Guidance for Asteroid Kinetic Impact Mission

Abstract

According to the requirements of near-Earth Asteroid kinetic impact mission，an autonomous GNC scheme is proposed，which contains the high-precision extraction method for the line of sight （LOS） of the asteroid center，high-precision autonomous relative navigation based on LOS measurement of the asteroid center，and iterative prediction guidance method. In this scheme，the LOS measurement of the asteroid center is used to estimate the relative position and velocity between the impactor and the asteroid in the direction perpendicular to the LOS. Although the elative position and velocity errors along the LOS are not estimated，the high-precision impact can be realized by the iterative prediction guidance method. The mathematical simulation shows that the proposed scheme can ensure the impactor to hit a near-Earth asteroid with the diameter 50 meter，the impact accuracy is better than 4 meter，which meets the mission requirements.

Key words： asteroid defense; kinetic impact; GNC; hutonomous navigation

References

[1] 李虹琳,党丽芳. 美欧合作的近地小行星防御任务进展[J]. 空间碎片研究,2021,21(2):35-39
LI H L,DANG L F. Progress of U. S.-European joint near-Earth asteroid defense mission[J]. Space Debris Research,2021,21(2):35-39
[2] MCQUAIDE M，ATCHISON J，BELLEROSE J，et al. Double Asteroid Redirection Test （DART） phase D mission design & navigation analysis[C]//2021 IAC Planetary Defense Conference. Vienna，Austria：IAC，2021.
[3] 刘雪奇,孙海彬,孙胜利. 近地小行星防御策略分析[J]. 深空探测学报(中英文),2017,4(6):557-563
LIU X Q,SUN H B,SUN S L. Analysis of defense strategies of near-Earth asteroids[J]. Journal of Deep Space Exploration,2017,4(6):557-563
[4] CHAVEZ A S，MYHRE N J，PRAZENICA R J. Vision-based state estimation for asteroid exploration[C]//2017 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. Orlando，FL：AIAA，2017.
[5] HU R H，HUANG X Y，XU C. Visual navigation with fast landmark selection based on error analysis for asteroid descent stage[J]. Advances in Space Research，2021，68（9）：3765­3780.
[6] KUBOTAA T,HASHIMOTOA T,SAWAI S,et al. An autonomous navigation and guidance system for MUSES-C asteroid landing[J]. Acta Astronautica,2003,52:125-131
[7] TAKAO Y,MIMASU Y,TSUDA Y. Simultaneous estimation of spacecraft position and asteroid diameter during final approach of Hayabusa2 to Ryugu[J]. Astrodynamics,2020,4(2):163-175
[8] VETRISANO M,VASILE M. Autonomous navigation of a spacecraft formation in the proximity of an asteroid[J]. Advances in Space Research,2016,57(8):1783-1804
[9] JIA H,ZHU S Y,CUI P Y. Observability-based navigation using optical and radiometric measurements for asteroid proximity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2019,56(4):2677-2688
[10] CROUSE B. Autonomous optical navigation for lunar missions[D]. Houston，TX：Rice University，2009.
[11] OWEN W M. Methods of optical navigation[C]//2011 AAS Spaceflight Mechanics Conference. New Orleans，USA：AIAA，2011.
[12] WRIGHT C A，LIOUNIS A J，ASHMAN B W. Optical navigation algorithm performance[C]//Annual RPI Workshop on Image Based Modeling and Navigation for Space Applications.Troy，NY：AIAA，2018.
[13] BHASKARAN S，RIEDEL J E，SYNNOTT S P. Autonomous nucleus tracking for comet/asteroid encounters：the Stardust example[C]//1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Snowmass，USA，March：IEEE，1998.
[14] TAKAHASHI S，SCHEERES D J. Autonomous navigation and exploration of a small near-earth asteroid[C]//2020 AAS/AIAA Astrodynamics Specialist Conference. Lake Tahoe，CA，USA：AIAA，2020.
[15] CHEN Z. Local observability and its application to multiple measurement estimation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,1991,38(6):491-496
[16] LI M,MOURIKIS A I. High-precision,consistent EKF-based visual-inertial odometry[J]. The International Journal of Robotics Research,2013,32(6):690-711