1. State Key Laboratory of Extreme Environment Optoelectronic Dynamic Measurement Technology and Instrument,North University of China,Taiyuan 030051,China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China
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2025-09-11
2026-11-03
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Abstract
In lunar in-situ exploration missions, the resin potting used in mechanical modules to withstand high-impact penetration environments induces nonlinear sensor responses, compromising the accuracy of acceleration signal measurements. To address this issue, this paper proposes a ‘co-planar excitation’ dynamic calibration method based on velocity parameters was proposed. The calibrated module and a standard accelerometer were symmetrically mounted on the movable platform of a shock amplifier. When the excitation pulse width exceeded 0.5 ms, both devices experienced identical acceleration and velocity, constituting co-planar excitation. Based on the principle of velocity invariance, the sensitivity of the calibrated module was determined via least squares fitting. Subsequently, a dynamic correction model was established using the Subspace Identification-State Space Method(SI -SSM). Without relying on the mechanical parameters of the potting material, this model adaptively captures the nonlinear characteristics of the sensor response through discrete state equations, thereby correcting the acceleration output. The expanded uncertainty of the corrected measurements from the mechanical module is 4.16%, meeting the technical requirements for lunar in-situ exploration.
Qi Qi, Binbin Zhang, Jinbiao Fan, Shengyuan Jiang, Weiwei Zhang.
Calibration for a Lunar Soil Mechanical Parameter Measurement Module Based on Velocity Parameters and Coplanar Excitation.
Journal of Deep Space Exploration, 2026, 13 (4) : 373-380 DOI:10.3724/j.issn.2096-9287.2026.20250113
在深空探测领域,对天体表面力学特性的精准感知与解析是揭示其地质演化、资源分布及潜在着陆安全性的关键所在[1-5]。力学参数,不仅包含速度、位移、角度、加速度等直接可测的物理量,近年来还进一步延伸至月壤密度、横波速度、可压缩系数及内摩擦角等间接反演参数,这些参数共同构成了理解天体表面力学行为的基础语言[6-9]。1996年,俄罗斯“火星96”探测器(Mars-96)[10]首次尝试对火星表面环境进行力学探测以来,世界各航天机构陆续开展了包括日本月球-A(LUNAR-A)[11]月壤侵彻器、英国月球轻量内部及电信试验(Moon Lightweight Interior and Telecoms Experiment,MoonLITE)[12]月壤侵彻器、美国国家航空航天局(National Aeronautics and Space Administration,NASA)发射的“深空2号”(Deep Space-2)[13]火星探测器及欧洲航天局(Europeap Space Agency,ESA)地表及地下多用途科学传感器(Multi Purpose Sensors for Surface and Subsurface Science,MUPUS)[14]彗星探测器在内的多项深空探测任务。这些探索极大地丰富了人类对天体表面力学特性的认识。
针对月壤原位探测中力学参数测量模组因灌封引起的非线性问题,进行校准技术研究。鉴于模组结构的特殊性,现有的校准方法无法直接采用,本文借鉴比较法校准思想,提出了一种“共面激励”动态校准方法。通过将标准传感器与力学参数测量模组对称布置于冲击放大器可动台面,在平面碰撞条件下实现等效同步加载。在数据处理方面,采取多点标定进行最小二乘法拟合得到力学模组单点灵敏度;为进一步解决灌封引入的非线性问题,本文在单点灵敏度基础上引入子空间辨识−状态空间法(Subspace Identification-State Space Model,SI-SSM)构建校正模型,该模型无需预设非线性函数形式,通过子空间辨识自适应提取系统的状态空间模型,可精准捕获传感器响应的非线性特性;基于离散状态方程实现微秒级响应速度,可在侵彻冲击过程中实时跟踪信号的变化;其建模方式无需依赖灌封材料力学参数,仅通过冲击试验数据即可建立映射关系,有效克服了传统单点灵敏度校准无法应对宽频冲击非线性响应的局限性,实现了对灌封材料引入的非线性问题进行校准。
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The Author(s) 2026. Published by Higher Education Press. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).