Association between the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk and prognosis

Abstract

Aim: The aim was to evaluate the potential influences of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphisms on breast cancer risk, the distribution of CTLA-4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (1661AG) in breast cancer patients and control subjects was investigated.

Methods: In this case-control study, 100 patients with breast cancer as case group and 100 healthy participants as a control group were compared. Genotypes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Demographic characteristics of the study population, as well as tumor size, tumor grade and stage were collected in a questionnaire designed for this study. The collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS-16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) predictive analytic software using the Chi-square test.

Results: The mean age of women was 43.42 ± 13.1 years. The AA genotype was frequent in case group (43%) whereas the AG genotype was found more in the control group (69%). There was no significant relationship between the studied polymorphisms and the grade, stage and size of the tumor, nor between the studied polymorphisms and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and lymph node involvement (P > 0.05). Significant association between the studied polymorphisms and breast cancer metastases was found (P = 0.02).

Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the AA genotype is associated with breast cancer, but none of the studied gene polymorphisms is associated with prognostic factors such as tumor stage, grade or size.

Keywords

Breast cancer / cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 / polymorphism / prognosis

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