Immune escape as an ecosystem state in cancer

Dongran Yu , Lina Yang , Zequn Li

Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment ›› 2026, Vol. 12 : 12

PDF
Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment ›› 2026, Vol. 12:12 DOI: 10.20517/2394-4722.2026.29
Perspective
Immune escape as an ecosystem state in cancer
Author information +
History +
PDF

Cite this article

Download citation ▾
Dongran Yu, Lina Yang, Zequn Li. Immune escape as an ecosystem state in cancer. Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment, 2026, 12: 12 DOI:10.20517/2394-4722.2026.29

登录浏览全文

4963

注册一个新账户 忘记密码

References

[1]

Roerden M.Cancer immune evasion, immunoediting and intratumour heterogeneity.Nat Rev Immunol2025;25:353-69

[2]

Aliazis K,Shah R.The tumor microenvironment’s role in the response to immune checkpoint blockade.Nat Cancer2025;6:924-37 PMCID:PMC12317369

[3]

Gong D,Perrault E,Hwang WL.Spatial oncology: translating contextual biology to the clinic.Cancer Cell2024;42:1653-75 PMCID:PMC12051486

[4]

Liu Y,Wang L.Spatial omics at the forefront: emerging technologies, analytical innovations, and clinical applications.Cancer Cell2026;44:24-49 PMCID:PMC12867001

[5]

Williams HL,Koessler T.The current landscape of spatial biomarkers for prediction of response to immune checkpoint inhibition.NPJ Precis Oncol2024;8:178 PMCID:PMC11322473

[6]

Jing SY,Lin P,Tang ZX.Quantifying and interpreting biologically meaningful spatial signatures within tumor microenvironments.NPJ Precis Oncol2025;9:68 PMCID:PMC11897387

[7]

Nian Z,Shen Y.Interleukin-34-orchestrated tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming is required for tumor immune escape driven by p53 inactivation.Immunity2024;57:2344-2361.e7

[8]

Ikeda H,Nishi T.Immune evasion through mitochondrial transfer in the tumour microenvironment.Nature2025;638:225-36 PMCID:PMC11798832

[9]

Liu H,Jiang J.Targeting tumor metabolism to augment CD8+ T cell anti-tumor immunity.J Pharm Anal2025;15:101150 PMCID:PMC12153373

[10]

Burr ML,Chan KL.An evolutionarily conserved function of polycomb silences the MHC class i antigen presentation pathway and enables immune evasion in cancer.Cancer Cell2019;36:385-401.e8

[11]

Peng D,Nagarsheth N.Epigenetic silencing of TH1-type chemokines shapes tumour immunity and immunotherapy.Nature2015;527:249-53 PMCID:PMC4779053

[12]

Lemaitre L,Suresh A.Spatial analysis reveals targetable macrophage-mediated mechanisms of immune evasion in hepatocellular carcinoma minimal residual disease.Nat Cancer2024;5:1534-56 PMCID:PMC12258040

[13]

Zhou W,Yang G.YAP-based nomogram predicts poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative surgery.J Gastrointest Oncol2024;15:1712-22 PMCID:PMC11399831

[14]

Adam-Artigues A,Aguirre-Ghiso JA.Immune evasion by dormant disseminated cancer cells: a Fermi paradox?.Cancer Cell2024;42:13-5 PMCID:PMC11034720

[15]

Hu J,Wang Z.STING inhibits the reactivation of dormant metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma.Nature2023;616:806-13 PMCID:PMC10569211

[16]

Chu X,Zhang Y.Integrative single-cell analysis of human colorectal cancer reveals patient stratification with distinct immune evasion mechanisms.Nat Cancer2024;5:1409-26

[17]

Derosa L,Silva CAC.Custom scoring based on ecological topology of gut microbiota associated with cancer immunotherapy outcome.Cell2024;187:3373-3389.e16

[18]

Trontzas IP.Immune biomarkers for checkpoint blockade in solid tumors: transitioning from tissue to peripheral blood monitoring and future integrated strategies.Cancers2025;17:2639 PMCID:PMC12384685

[19]

Cottrell TR,Ali A.Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) consensus statement on essential biomarkers for immunotherapy clinical protocols.J Immunother Cancer2025;13:e010928 PMCID:PMC11891540

[20]

Lindsay JR,Alessi JV.Pan-cancer spatial characterization of key immune biomarkers in the tumor microenvironment.Cell Rep Med2025;102418

[21]

Greenwald NF,Sowers C.Temporal and spatial composition of the tumor microenvironment predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic TNBC.Nat Cancer2026;7:435-50

[22]

Li D,Yu Q.The complex interplay of tumor-infiltrating cells in driving therapeutic resistance pathways.Cell Commun Signal2024;22:405 PMCID:PMC11331645

[23]

Sun L,Wang S.Immune cell metabolism in cancer drug resistance: advances in target discovery and clinical translation.Chin J Cancer Res2025;37:432-45 PMCID:PMC12240238

[24]

Tufail M,Li N.Immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches.Signal Transduct Target Ther2025;10:227 PMCID:PMC12311175

[25]

Sullivan RJ,Ferris RL.SITC vision: opportunities for deeper understanding of mechanisms of anti-tumor activity, toxicity, and resistance to optimize cancer immunotherapy.J Immunother Cancer2025;13:e011929 PMCID:PMC12198810

[26]

Chen D,Liu Z,Kuang D.Therapy-induced remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment: Mechanistic insights and implications for immunotherapy.Chin Med J2026;139:1149-67 PMCID:PMC13090054

[27]

Cho J.Understanding tumor dormancy: from experimental models to mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Biomol Ther2025;33:770-84 PMCID:PMC12408196

[28]

Pan J,Jin L,Ye Z.Immunotherapy-driven remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment: Spatiotemporal heterogeneity and multidimensional dynamics.Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer2026;1881:189544

[29]

Zhou Q,Chen X,Hao L.Crosstalk between the intratumoral microbiota and the tumor microenvironment: new frontiers in solid tumor progression and treatment.Cancer Rep2024;7:e70063 PMCID:PMC11574561

[30]

Liu W,Wu P.The intratumoral microbiota: a new horizon in cancer immunology.Front Cell Infect Microbiol2024;14:1409464 PMCID:PMC11317474

[31]

Zhong L,Xiong T.Spatial omics in gastrointestinal oncology: recent advances, therapeutic insights, and clinical translation.J Cancer2026;17:515-23 PMCID:PMC13003551

[32]

See JE,Arjumand W,Segato Dezem F.Spatial omics: applications and utility in profiling the tumor microenvironment.Cancer Metastasis Rev2025;44:87 PMCID:PMC12672822

[33]

Lv B,Li G.Tumor-resident intracellular bacteria scavenger activated in situ vaccines for potent cancer photoimmunotherapy.Adv Healthc Mater2025;14:e2404271

[34]

Wang B,Li Y,Ge P.Immune-excluded and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments: mechanisms, spatial biomarkers, and therapeutic rewiring.Front Oncol2026;16:1855429 PMCID:PMC13236515

[35]

Jiang S,Zhang L.Generic diagramming platform (GDP): a comprehensive database of high-quality biomedical graphics.Nucleic Acids Res2025;53:D1670-6 PMCID:PMC11701665

PDF

0

Accesses

0

Citation

Detail

Sections
Recommended

/

〈 〉