Primary malignant tumors of bone surface: a review with emphasis in differential diagnosis

Abstract

Surface tumors of the bone are broadly defined as a diverse group of osteogenic and chondrogenic benign and malignant neoplasms that arise adjacent to the outer surface of cortical bone. They may be a cause of diagnostic difficulty due to a degree of histological overlap, rarity, and nomenclature. In this review we summarize the different histological types of primary malignant tumors of bone surface, namely, secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma, periosteal chondrosarcoma, parosteal osteosarcoma, dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal osteosarcoma, and high-grade surface osteosarcoma. We provide a comprehensive updated review of their pathogenesis and highlight radiological, macroscopic, and histopathological features and recently available ancillary diagnostic tools that may aid in the differential diagnosis.

Keywords

Secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma / periosteal chondrosarcoma / parosteal osteosarcoma / periosteal osteosarcoma / high-grade surface osteosarcoma

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