Exosomes as a promising diagnostic tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?

Abstract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most frequently diagnosed malignancy and accounts for about 5% of all malignancies worldwide. There is a lack of biomarkers to monitor the status and progress of the disease. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop non-invasive diagnostic tools such as exosomes that monitor tumor changes and provide molecular information about the malignancy to identify the metastatic disease earlier and allow better therapeutic management. Thus, we aimed to review whether tumor-derived exosomes can predict disease progression in HNSCC and if and especially how they can be used as a diagnostic tool.

Keywords

Exosomes / head and neck squamous cell carcinoma / tumor-derived exosomes / liquid biopsy

References

[1] Nonaka T.Liquid biopsy in head and neck cancer: promises and challenges..J Dent Res2018;97:701-8 PMCID:PMC5960882

[2] Economopoulou P,Kyrodimos E,Psyrri A.Liquid biopsy: An emerging prognostic and predictive tool in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Focus on circulating tumor cells (CTCs)..Oral Oncol2017;74:83-9

[3] Payne K,Beggs A,Kong A.Circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker and liquid biopsy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma..Head Neck2018;40:1598-604

[4] Ribeiro IP,Carreira IM.Head and neck cancer: searching for genomic and epigenetic biomarkers in body fluids - the state of art..Mol Cytogenet2019;12:33 PMCID:PMC6621978

[5] Ludwig S,Theodoraki MN,Yerneni SS.Molecular and functional profiles of exosomes from HPV(+) and HPV(-) head and neck cancer cell lines..Front Oncol2018;8:445 PMCID:PMC6194188

[6] Ludwig N,Razzo BM.Exosomes from HNSCC promote angiogenesis through reprogramming of endothelial cells..Mol Cancer Res2018;16:1798-808

[7] Muller L,Stolz DB,Whiteside TL.Isolation of biologically-active exosomes from human plasma..J Immunol Methods2014;411:55-65 PMCID:PMC4260336

[8] Muller L.Exosomes: nanodust?.HNO2020;68:56-9

[9] Abels ER.Introduction to extracellular vesicles: biogenesis, RNA cargo selection, content, release, and uptake..Cell Mol Neurobiol2016;36:301-12 PMCID:PMC5546313

[10] Whiteside TL.Tumor-derived exosomes and their role in cancer progression..Adv Clin Chem2016;74:103-41 PMCID:PMC5382933

[11] Peinado H,Lavotshkin S,Costa-Silva B.Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET..Nat Med2012;18:883-91 PMCID:PMC3645291

[12] Whiteside TL.The effect of tumor-derived exosomes on immune regulation and cancer immunotherapy..Future Oncol2017;13:2583-92 PMCID:PMC5827821

[13] Franzen CA,Todorovic V,Foreman KA.Urothelial cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition after exposure to muscle invasive bladder cancer exosomes..Oncogenesis2015;4:e163 PMCID:PMC4632072

[14] Min H,Yang X,Liu J.Exosomes derived from irradiated esophageal carcinoma-infiltrating T cells promote metastasis by inducing the Epithelial-Mesenchymal transition in Esophageal cancer cells..Pathol Oncol Res2018;24:11-8

[15] Theodoraki MN,Brunner C,Hoffmann TK.Plasma-derived exosomes reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition after photodynamic therapy of patients with head and neck cancer..Oncoscience2018;5:75-87 PMCID:PMC5978437

[16] Whiteside TL.Exosomes and tumor-mediated immune suppression..J Clin Invest2016;126:1216-23 PMCID:PMC4811135

[17] Theodoraki MN,Gooding WE,Clump DA.Circulating exosomes measure responses to therapy in head and neck cancer patients treated with cetuximab, ipilimumab, and IMRT..Oncoimmunology2019;8:1593805 PMCID:PMC6527269

[18] Kurywchak P,Kalluri R.The emerging roles of exosomes in the modulation of immune responses in cancer..Genome Med2018;10:23 PMCID:PMC5868069

[19] Ruivo CF,Silva M.The biology of cancer exosomes: insights and new perspectives..Cancer Res2017;77:6480-8

[20] Walsh JC,Aten E,Marciano L.The clinical importance of assessing tumor hypoxia: relationship of tumor hypoxia to prognosis and therapeutic opportunities..Antioxid Redox Signal2014;21:1516-54 PMCID:PMC4159937

[21] Linge A,Gudziol V,Lohaus F.Low cancer stem cell marker expression and low hypoxia identify good prognosis subgroups in HPV(-) HNSCC after postoperative radiochemotherapy: a multicenter study of the DKTK-ROG..Clin Cancer Res2016;22:2639-49

[22] Kore RA,Jenkins SV,Dings RPM.Hypoxia-derived exosomes induce putative altered pathways in biosynthesis and ion regulatory channels in glioblastoma cells..Biochem Biophys Rep2018;14:104-13 PMCID:PMC5986551

[23] Bellassai N,Jungbluth V.Surface plasmon resonance for biomarker detection: advances in non-invasive cancer diagnosis..Front Chem2019;7:570 PMCID:PMC6695566

[24] Alix-Panabieres C.Real-time liquid biopsy: circulating tumor cells versus circulating tumor DNA..Ann Transl Med2013;1:18 PMCID:PMC4200637

[25] Patel KM.The translational potential of circulating tumour DNA in oncology..Clin Biochem2015;48:957-61

[26] Heitzer E,Ulz P,Speicher MR.Circulating tumor cells and DNA as liquid biopsies..Genome Med2013;5:73 PMCID:PMC3979149

[27] Muller L,Mitsuhashi M,Okada H.Exosomes isolated from plasma of glioma patients enrolled in a vaccination trial reflect antitumor immune activity and might predict survival..Oncoimmunology2015;4:e1008347 PMCID:PMC4485717

[28] Nolan J,Nedosekin DA,Galanzha EI.In vivo flow cytometry of circulating tumor-associated exosomes..Anal Cell Pathol (Amst)2016;2016:1628057 PMCID:PMC5124641

[29] Halvaei S,Eslami SZ,Jafarbeik-Iravani N.Exosomes in cancer liquid biopsy: a focus on breast cancer..Mol Ther Nucleic Acids2018;10:131-41 PMCID:PMC5862028

[30] Ludwig S,Theodoraki MN,Jackson EK.Suppression of lymphocyte functions by plasma exosomes correlates with disease activity in patients with head and neck cancer..Clin Cancer Res2017;23:4843-54 PMCID:PMC5559308

[31] Theodoraki MN,Jackson EK.Exosomes in HNSCC plasma as surrogate markers of tumour progression and immune competence..Clin Exp Immunol2018;194:67-78 PMCID:PMC6156813

[32] Kim MS,Zhao Y,Deygen I.Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells..Nanomedicine2016;12:655-64 PMCID:PMC4809755

[33] Hong CS,Muller L,Whiteside TL.Isolation of biologically active and morphologically intact exosomes from plasma of patients with cancer..J Extracell Vesicles2016;5:29289 PMCID:PMC4808740

[34] Mignot G,Thery C,Zitvogel L.Prospects for exosomes in immunotherapy of cancer..J Cell Mol Med2006;10:376-88 PMCID:PMC3933128

[35] Dragovic RA,Brooks AS,Ferguson DJP.Sizing and phenotyping of cellular vesicles using nanoparticle tracking analysis..Nanomedicine2011;7:780-8 PMCID:PMC3280380

[36] Filipe V,Jiskoot W.Critical evaluation of nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) by NanoSight for the measurement of nanoparticles and protein aggregates..Pharm Res2010;27:796-810 PMCID:PMC2852530

[37] Gardiner C,Dragovic RA,Sargent IL.Extracellular vesicle sizing and enumeration by nanoparticle tracking analysis..J Extracell Vesicles2013;2: PMCID:PMC3760643

[38] Oosthuyzen W,Ivy JR,Street JM.Quantification of human urinary exosomes by nanoparticle tracking analysis..J Physiol2013;591:5833-42 PMCID:PMC3872755

[39] Koritzinsky EH,Star RA.Quantification of exosomes..J Cell Physiol2017;232:1587-90 PMCID:PMC5039048

[40] Whiteside TL.The emerging role of plasma exosomes in diagnosis, prognosis and therapies of patients with cancer..Contemp Oncol (Pozn)2018;22:38-40 PMCID:PMC5885072

[41] Hong CS,Yerneni SS,Jackson EK.Circulating exosomes carrying an immunosuppressive cargo interfere with cellular immunotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia..Sci Rep2017;7:14684 PMCID:PMC5666018

[42] Tang KD,Perry C,Punyadeera C.The overexpression of salivary cytokeratins as potential diagnostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas..Oncotarget2017;8:72272-80 PMCID:PMC5641129

[43] Doyle LM.Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis..Cells2019;8: PMCID:PMC6678302

[44] Campanella C,Logozzi M.On the choice of the extracellular vesicles for therapeutic purposes..Int J Mol Sci2019;20: PMCID:PMC6359369