Opioid use among Nigerian students: Exploring knowledge gaps and preventive strategies

Abstract

The increasing rate of opioid consumption among Nigerian students is alarming. Despite the therapeutic benefits of opioids, their excessive use could be detrimental. Exploring knowledge gaps and implementing preventive strategies are necessary to curb opioid misuse among Nigerian students. This review aimed to identify the prevalence estimates of non-prescribed opioid use among Nigerian students and explore the cultural and societal factors favoring opioid and other drug use in this population. It further aimed to provide and discuss strategies that could offer effective and long-lasting solutions for Nigerian policymakers to curb opioid use among Nigerian students. A systematic search strategy identified relevant studies from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using keywords such as opioid misuse, students, Nigeria, prevention strategies, and opioid use disorder. Articles on the prevalence rates, associated factors, and preventive measures were extracted. The findings revealed a high prevalence of opioid use among Nigerian students, particularly in the southwestern (7.87%) and northeastern (6.57%) parts of Nigeria. Approximately 4.6 million Nigerians, constituting 4.7% of the population, have used opioids for non-medical purposes. Tramadol and codeine are the most commonly misused opioids. Cultural practices and belief systems often impact the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of opioid use among students. Efforts to prevent and control opioid misuse in Nigeria should focus on effective coordination among students. Health-promotion measures and specific protection should be promoted alongside early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and rehabilitation of affected individuals.

Keywords

Opioid misuse / Students / Nigeria / Prevention strategies / Opioid use disorder

Funding

None.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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