Muti-Energy Field-Assisted Grinding of Hard and Brittle Materials: Tools, Equipment and Mechanisms

Abstract

Hard, brittle and difficult-to-machine materials are prone to surface cracks, subsurface damage and other defects in the traditional grinding process, accompanied by low processing efficiency and severe tool wear. As a new type of processing technology, energy field-assisted grinding provides a new approach for the efficient and high-quality processing of hard and brittle materials. This paper reviews the latest research progress of muti-energy field-assisted grinding from aspects such as the types and selection of grinding tools, processing equipment and physical-chemical coupled mechanisms. Firstly, micro-grinding tools are classified based on different surface structures and coating materials, with the aim to enhance processing efficiency, improve the surface quality and geometric accuracy of workpieces, and reduce tool wear. Secondly, the processing mechanisms, parameter selection and current difficulties faced by four energy field-assisted grinding methods, including laser-assisted grinding, electrochemical-assisted grinding, magnetic-assisted grinding and ultrasonic field-assisted grinding, are discussed under both chemical and physical effects. Thirdly, different equipment and auxiliary devices developed for energy field-assisted grinding have been introduced, providing reliable platforms for the distribution design and efficient regulation of the energy field. Finally, the cutting-edge progress, main challenges and development trends of energy field-assisted grinding are prospected, illustrating the great potential of this technology in fields such as aerospace, electronics, and optical components.

Keywords

Hard and brittle materials / Microstructure / Energy field-assisted grinding / Chemical-physical coupling effect

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, W.W.; Methodology, Z.Z.; Validation, B.G.; Formal Analysis, C.M.; Investigation, Z.Z.; Writing—Original Draft Preparation, W.W. and Z.Z.; Writing—Review & Editing, W.W. and Q.W.; Visualization, Q.W.; Supervision, C.M.; Project Administration, C.M.; Funding Acquisition, C.M.

Ethics Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

All of the data is available on request.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52275405), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2025ZYQ142, 2023RC1078, 2024JJ6039), and Natural Science and Technology Plan Project of Changsha City (kh2301003).

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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