A Scoping Review of Human–Jaguar (Panthera onca) Conflict in Latin America

Abstract

Human–wildlife conflict is a global conservation concern because it threatens human livelihoods and safety and often leads to the persecution of wildlife. Human–jaguar (Panthera onca) conflict is prevalent throughout the species' range and could intensify given the projected increases in human population and agricultural production in Latin America. This scoping review aims to describe current trends, summarize key findings, and identify gaps in the current peer-reviewed literature, gray literature, and news articles related to human–jaguar conflict (HJC) in Latin America. Four electronic databases (ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and the Biological Sciences Database) were used to identify peer-reviewed articles and gray literature, and a search engine (Google) was used to identify news articles. Four web-based searches were performed between August 2021 and September 2023 in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and French to capture results from all countries within the jaguar's range. Of 422 publications related to HJC, 192 met the inclusion criteria. Selected publications included 89 peer-reviewed articles, 29 gray literature publications, and 74 news articles published between 1985 and 2023. Most research was conducted in Brazil and Mexico, used survey or interview methodology, and focused on characterizing conflict and assessing local communities' perceptions of and attitudes toward jaguars. We identified four major themes and one subtheme: (1) perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, (1.1) jaguar killings, (2) attacks on domestic animals, (3) attacks on humans, and (4) conflict management. While literature related to HJC is extensive, several important gaps remain in (1) management assessment, (2) policy enforcement, (3) interdisciplinary research, (4) inclusion of a wider range of stakeholders, and (5) research in countries that harbor a large proportion of the world's jaguars.

Keywords

big cats / coexistence / human–jaguar conflict / jaguar / management / scoping review

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