Invasive species can impact human populations beyond ecological effects, particularly in urban environments. The Johnstone's whistling frog (Eleutherodactylus johnstonei), native to the Lesser Antilles, has established in urban gardens in the Caribbean and northern South America. Its loud and persistent nocturnal calls are a source of noise pollution that may affect human health and well-being. In this study, we conducted a preliminary assessment of noise-related impacts in Cali, Colombia, a major urban center where whistling frogs are present. Our methods included (1) night-time vehicle surveys to estimate property occupancy rates along city streets, (2) sampling in urban gardens to estimate their density, and (3) an online survey (n = 330) to gauge residents' perceptions of the whistling frog's calls and potential health effects. Results indicate that whistling frogs in Cali occupy approximately 25% of surveyed properties, with over 50% probability of occupancy in areas larger than 0.1 ha. Densities varied with garden vegetation, ranging from 8 to 29 individuals per 10 m2, exceeding those reported from natural sites within the species' native range. Survey responses revealed divergent perceptions and health outcomes associated with whistling frog calls: 42% of respondents, mostlyyounger adults (18–34 years), reported positive perceptions linked to nature connection and relaxation. Conversely, 19% reported annoyance driven by irritability, stress, and difficulty sleeping, suggesting a dual burden on mental health and sleep disturbance. Older adults (>55 years) and those with pre-existing sleep disorders showed greater vulnerability. The remaining 39% expressed neutral perceptions, although some individuals in this group also reported negative impacts. Overall, our findings provide one of the first empirical assessments revealing potentially widespread but overlooked public health impacts caused by the noise of an invasive species, warranting further public health investigation.
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2026 The Author(s). Integrative Conservation published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG).
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